Ha komello le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo li ntse li tsoela pele ho baka tšenyo ea phepelo ea metsi California, sehlopha sa bobuelli ba tikoloho se kopa mmuso ho fokotsa temo ea lijalo tse omeletseng joalo ka lialmonde le lesere, e re indasteri ea temo e ts'oara boholo ba phepelo ea mmuso ka litšenyehelo tsa baahi.
Likhoebo tse khōlō tsa temo le mapolasi a lifeme—hammoho le basebetsi ba oli le khase—ke tse ling tsa tse khōlō ka ho fetisisa metsi basebedisi ba mmuso mme ka hona ba lokela ho itela haholo, ho bolela tlaleho ya Food and Water Watch e sa etseng phaello. Sehlopha se batla hore 'Musisi Gavin Newsom a hlahise maano a macha a metsi a thibelang ho atolosoa ha liindasteri tsa temo le mafura, ha a ntse a phethahatsa tšepiso ea mmuso ea ho fana ka metsi a hloekileng, a sireletsehileng le a theko e tlaase ho baahi bohle.
"California e hloka ho etsa menahano ea mantlha le liphetoho ho rona lisebelisoa tsa metsi, ’me hona joale ’musisi o na le matla a ho nka khato hang-hang,” ho boletse Chirag Bhakta, motsamaisi oa mokhatlo oa California. "California e na le komello ea nako e telele hona joale, 'me leha ho le joalo, mmuso o ntse o sebelisa hampe lilithara tse limilione tse likete le libilione tsa metsi a eang ho mafura le makaleng a maholo a temo."
Tlaleho, e lokollotsoeng ka Laboraro, e tla ka nako eo mmuso o ikutloang o e-na le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea ho fokotsa metsi ao e a nkang ho tloha Nōkeng ea Colorado, 'me ha balemi ba ntse ba loantšana le ho fokotsa.
Bangoli ba tlaleho ba fumane hore acreage e atolositsoeng ea lijalo tsa linate joalo ka lialmonde le pistachios e sebelisitse lilithara tse limilione tse likete tse 520 tsa metsi ka 2021 ho feta ka 2017, ho bonts'a hore keketseho e ntse e etsahala leha e tiisitsoe. phepelo ea metsi. Ho lekane ho fana ka batho ba fetang limilione tse 34, kapa hoo e ka bang 90% ea baahi ba California, bakeng sa selemo, tlaleho e boletse.
Tlaleho ea Food and Water Watch e boetse e fumane hore lesere le sebelisa karolelano ea lilithara tse limilione tse likete tse 945 tsa metsi ka selemo, le hore lihlahisoa tsa lebese li ja lilithara tse fetang limilione tse 142 ka letsatsi ho hlokomela likhomo tsa tsona, ha lik'hamphani tsa oli le khase li sebelisa lilithara tse limilione tse likete tse 3 pakeng tsa 2018. le 2021 bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho cheka.
Andrew Ayres, mofuputsi Setsing sa Leano la Metsi la Sechaba sa California, o itse ho nepahetse ho supa indasteri ea temo's tšebeliso ea metsi a sebelisoang, empa "ho bohlokoa hape ho hopola melemo eohle eo re e fumanang ka ho sebelisa metsi lits'ebetsong tsena."
California e hola ho feta 80% ea lialmonde tsa lefats'e le karolo e kholo ea litholoana tsa naha, meroho le linate tse ling.
O ile a re: "Haholo-holo mariha, California e hlahisa lintho tse ngata tse kang lettuce le meroho e meng e makhasi ao ho seng joalo ho neng ho tla ba thata haholo ho e fumana ho pholletsa le selemo."
Steve Lyle, 'muelli oa Lefapha la Lijo le Temo la California, o boletse ka lengolo-tsoibila hore "setso sa paballo" se tsamaisitse temo ea naha ka mashome a lilemo.
O qotsitse lintlha tse tsoang Lefapheng la Mehloli ea Metsi tse bonts'ang hore lihoai le lihoai li sebelisitse metsi a tlase ka 14% nakong ea lilemo tse 35 ha ba ntse ba eketsa chai ka 38%, le hore nakong ea lilemo tse 20, balemi ba almonde ba ile ba theola metsi a sebelisoang. holisa ponto ea lialmonde ka 33%.
Indasteri "e ikemiselitse ho fihlela phokotso e 'ngoe ea 20% ka 2025," o boletse joalo, mme a eketsa ka hore "nosetso e ntle ea metsi hajoale e sebelisoa ke 85% ea mapolasi a almonde a California."
Mabapi le mapolasi a lebese, metsi a sebelisoang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lebese a fokotsehile ka 88% nakong ea lilemo tse 50, Lyle o boletse.
Leha temo e emetse feela 3% ea kakaretso ea lihlahisoa tsa lehae tsa California, e fana ka hoo e ka bang 11% ea phepelo ea lijo ea naha, ho feta naha efe kapa efe. California hape ke naha e hlahisang lijalo tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa lialmonde, artichokes, mohloaare le walnuts.
Empa temo hape ke karolo e nyoriloeng, e nkang karolo ea 80% ea metsi a mmuso a abetsoeng ho sebelisoa ke batho. Le hoja hoo ho utloahala eka ke karolo e kholo, ha e tšoane le California, ho boletse Thomas Harter, moprofesa Lefapheng la Mobu, Moeeng le Metsi a UC Davis.
"Sebaka sefe kapa sefe lefats'eng moo u noselitseng temo, e tla ba basebelisi ba bangata ba metsi, ka lebaka la mofuta oa ho lema lijo ka ho nosetsa," o boletse joalo.
California, boholo ba metsi ao a tsoa metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše, ao mmuso o itšetlehileng ka ona haholo nakong ea lilemo tse omileng. Ho phalla ho feteletseng ha metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše likarolong tse ling tsa mmuso ho psha liliba ka bongata, ho etsa hore naha e fokotsehe le ho lematsa liphoofolo tse hlaha le tikoloho.
E le ho arabela bothata bona, mmuso ka 2014 o ile oa fetisa Molao oa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Metsi a Lefatše, o reretsoeng ho laola palo ea ho pompa metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše California. Empa kemiso ea nako ea ts'ebetsong e nka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli, e leng se lebisitseng moferefereng oa ho cheka seliba ke ba bangata ba ts'epileng ho fumana lisebelisoa pele ba khaoloa.
Bangoli ba tlaleho ba re kemiso ea nako “e haelloa ke ho sireletsa metsi a ka tlas’a lefatše ka ho lieha ho nka khato ho fihlela ka 2040.” Ba pheha khang ea hore SGMA e beha indasteri pele ho batho. Ba ile ba ngola ba re: "Malapa a nang le lisebelisoa tse fokolang, batho ba mebala le lichaba tse seng li imetsoe ke ho hloka toka ha tikoloho li ka 'na tsa tobana le liphello tse matla tsa komello le khaello ea metsi."
Lyle o boletse hore SGMA e se e kenngwa tshebetsong le hore Lefapha la Mehlodi ya Metsi le hloka hore ditheo tsa ho boloka metsi a ka tlasa mobu di tlise merero ya ho sireletsa metsi a nowang bakeng sa ditjhaba tse tlokotsing. O boletse hore ditheo tsa metsi di tlameha ho fihlela maikemisetso a tsona a moshwelella nakong ya dilemo tse 20.
Tlaleho e boetse e shebile indasteri ea lebese, eo lihlahisoa tsa eona li neng li emetse chelete e ngata ka ho fetesisa ea mmuso ea chelete ea temo ka 2021 ho $ 7.57 bilione, ho latela Lefapha la Lijo le Temo.
Harter o itse ha ho pelaelo hore lijo tse thehiloeng liphoofolong, ka kakaretso, li na le sebaka se seholo sa metsi ho feta tse thehiloeng limela.
"Ha ke bapatsa khahlanong le lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo, empa ke nahana hore karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ke ho fumana, qetellong, ho leka-lekana ho molemo pakeng tsa (tse peli) tse re lumellang hore re tšoarelle, eseng feela California empa ho pholletsa le lefats'e. ” a rialo.
Joalo ka lebese, lijalo tse ngata tse lenngoeng seterekeng li romeloa mose ho maoatle. Ho ea ka tlaleho, ho feta halofo ea lialmonde tsa naha li romeloa linaheng tse ling, tse lekanang le lilithara tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 800 tsa metsi ka selemo. Alfalfa le eona hangata e romelloa kantle ho naha, 'me hoo e ka bang 35% ea lihlahisoa tsa furu ea California e rometsoeng kantle ho naha ka 2020.
Le hoja lesere le hloka metsi a mangata hore le hōle, le na le phaello e phahameng ho latela hore na metsi a sebelisoa hakae, ho boletse Daniel Putnam, setsebi sa katoloso ea tšebelisano-'moho Univesithing ea California, Davis ea tsepamisitseng maikutlo holim'a lesere. Metso e tebileng ea semela le eona e molemo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba mobu.
Empa o ile a lumela hore mokhoa oa ho lema lijalo, oo hangata o etsoang ka likhohola tsa ho nosetsa ka matla a khoheli, o ka ntlafatsoa “ka mekhoa e hlokolosi ea ho nosetsa” le ka ho eketsa chai.
"Ke ka lebaka lena balemi ba 'nileng ba sebetsa ka ho nosetsa ka holim'a metsi, ba' nile ba sebetsa ka nosetso ea marotholi ka tlas'a lefatše, 'me bukeng ea ka, tsena kaofela li na le tšepiso e kholo," o boletse joalo.
Empa leha ho na le sebaka sa ntlafatso, Putnam o hatelletse hore temo e sebelisa metsi a mangata hobane ho hloka metsi a mangata ho lema eng kapa eng.
“Le ha ho sebelisoa metsi litoropong, bongata ke ba ho lokisa mobu, bongata bo ea limela,” o boletse joalo. ’Me ho na le lebaka la seo—limela li hloka metsi a mangata, ’me ke kamoo ho leng kateng. … Mekhoa ea lijo e hloka metsi.”
Litlhahiso tseo tlaleho e li hlalositseng bakeng sa Newsom le mekhatlo ea mmuso li kenyelletsa ho felisa ho chekoa ha khase le oli e ncha le ho thibela lihlahisoa tse ncha tsa lebese; ho netefatsa hore litokelo tsa metsi le likabelo tsa metsi li tsoela sechaba molemo; le ho matlafatsa tšireletso ea metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše.
Boemong ba mmuso, e khothalelitse Congress hore e fetise melao e kang ea Water Affordability, Transparency, Equity and Reliability Act e "tla tšehetsa ka botlalo lits'ebetso tsa rona tsa metsi le litšila, ho khutlisetsa lits'ebetso tsa metsi taolong ea sechaba, ho thusa ho netefatsa phihlello ea metsi le ts'epo. le ho khutlisetsa boitlamo ba mmuso oa kopanelo ho sireletsa metsi. ”
Bhakta o re litaba tsa phepelo ea metsi California li hloka hore ho nahanoe bocha le ho hlophisoa bocha hore na metsi a sebelisoa joang seterekeng. "Taba ea rona ea mantlha ke hore re hloka ho beha batho ba Californi ba letsatsi le letsatsi pele ho phaello ea lik'hamphani tsa mafura le likoporasi tse kholo tsa temo."
Mohloli: https://phys.org