Ho bile le phetoho e tlalehiloeng hantle mabapi le lipalesa tsa nakong ea selemo limeleng tse ngata ha lefatše le ntse le futhumala. Mokhoa ona o tšosa litsebi tsa baeloji hobane o na le monyetla oa ho sitisa litšebelisano tse hlophisitsoeng ka hloko pakeng tsa limela le libōpuoa—lirurubele, linotši, linonyana, bo-’mankhane le tse ling—tse tsamaisang peō ho tsona.
Empa tlhokomelo e fokolang haholo e lebisitsoeng ho liphetoho litšobotsing tse ling tsa lipalesa, tse kang boholo ba lipalesa, tse ka amang le tšebelisano ea limela le peō e phofshoana, nakong eo ka eona ba bangata. likokoanyana tse tsamaisang peō ea limela li fokotseha lefatšeng ka bophara.
Phuputsong e phatlalalitsoeng marang-rang koranteng Mangolo a Evolution, litsebi tse peli tsa baeloji tsa Univesithi ea Michigan le mosebetsi-’moho le eena oa Univesithi ea Georgia li bontša hore baahi ba hlaha ba tummeng hoseng ka boroa-bochabela United States ba ile ba eketsa boholo ba lipalesa tsa bona pakeng tsa 2003 le 2012.
Keketseho ea boholo ba lipalesa e fana ka maikutlo a matsete a maholo a limela ho hohela limela tsa pollinator, ho latela bafuputsi. Liphetoho li ile tsa phatlalatsoa haholo libakeng tse ling tse ka leboea, tumellanong le mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi e fetileng e bontšang hore limela tse ka leboea li atisa ho bontša likarabo tse tsotehang tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.
Phetoho ea ho palesa ea pejana e boetse e bonoa har'a batho bao ba khanya ea hoseng. Ho phaella moo, ho ne ho e-na le matšoao a hlollang a hore limela li ekelitse matsete a tsona meputsong ea lipalesa—maro le peō e phofshoana e fumanoang ke linotši, lintsintsi tsa syrphid le bobi tse tsamaisang peō ea lipalesa tsa lipalesa tse tšoeu, tse pinki le tse putsoa.
"Ho na le lekhalo le leholo kutloisisong ea rona ea hore na litšoaneleho tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebelisana ha limela le limela li ka 'na tsa fetoha joang ha nako e ntse e ea e le karabelo ho boemo ba leholimo bo fetohang," ho boletse mongoli ea etellang pele thutong, Sasha Bishop, seithuti sa bongaka Lefapheng la UM la Ecology. le Evolutionary Biology.
"Re bonts'a hore - ntle le liphetoho tse ngotsoeng hantle tsa lipalesa tsa pejana - meaho ea lipalesa le meputso le tsona li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa karabelong ea ho iphetola ha lintho phetohong ea sejoale-joale ea tikoloho."
Thobalano e tlwaelehileng ya hoseng ke sefate sa morara sa selemo le selemo se fumanwang ka nqa botjhabela, bohareng ba bophirimela le borwa ba United States. E bonoa hangata haufi le litsela le masimo a lijalo.
Boithuto bo etelletsoeng pele ke UM bo sebelisitse mokhoa oa "tsoho" o neng o kenyelletsa ho mela peo ea khanya ea hoseng e bokelletsoeng mathōkong a masimo a soya le poone a Tennessee, North Carolina le South Carolina ka lilemo tse peli: 2003 le 2012.
Nakong eo ea lilemo tse robong, sebaka sena se bile le mocheso o ntseng o phahama—haholo-holo o nyolohang bonyane le oa bosiu—le ho eketseha ha palo ea liketsahalo tsa pula e matla haholo ho kopane le komello e feteletseng.
Ho batla liphetoho ho morphology ea lipalesa, bafuputsi ba ile ba lema peo e bokelletsoeng masimong ho tloha lilemong tse peli ka har'a sethopo sa U-M's Matthaei Botanical Gardens. Ha lipalesa li thunya, litšobotsi tse sa tšoaneng tsa lipalesa li ne li lekanngoa ka li-caliper tsa digital.
Litekanyo li bonts'itse hore li-corolla tsa khanya ea hoseng li ile tsa pharalla haholo nakong ea lilemo tse robong - 4.5 centimeters (1.8 inches) bophara ka 2003 le 4.8 centimeters (1.9 inches) ka 2012, 'me phetoho ea bophara ba corolla e ne e le kholo ka ho fetisisa ho baahi ba libaka tse ling tse ka leboea. . Mahlaku a palesa ka kakaretso a tsejoa e le corolla.
Boithuto bona bo boetse bo senotse phetoho ho linako tsa lipalesa tsa pejana lipakeng tsa 2003 le 2012, e tsamaisoang haholo ke baahi ba libakeng tse ling tsa leboea. Tšimoloho ea lipalesa e etsahetse matsatsi a mane pejana bakeng sa limela tse holiloeng ho tsoa lipeong tse bokelletsoeng ka 2012.
Hoa thahasellisa hore ebe bafuputsi ba boetse ba hlokometse mokhoa o susumelitsoeng ke latitude ho tsetelo e kholo ho meputso ea lipalesa (pollen le lero) ha nako e ntse e ea. Ka karolelano, lipalesa tsa khanya ea hoseng tse hōlileng ho tloha peo e bokelitsoeng ea 2012 li hlahisitse lijo-thollo tse ngata tsa peo e phofo le lero la sucrose ho feta lipalesa tse tsoang ho peo e bokelitsoeng ea 2003.
Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea peo e phofshoana le lero e ne e ama limela tse 'nè feela tsa limela tsa khanya ea hoseng. Ka lebaka la palo e fokolang ea baahi e hlahlobiloeng, liphetho tsa meputso ea lipalesa ha lia kenyelletsoa tekong ea lipalo-palo ho batla bopaki ba hore ho ikamahanya le maemo ka khetho ea tlhaho ho etsahala limela.
"Leha ho le joalo, ho bonahala eka ho na le keketseho ea nakoana ea matsete a ho hohela likokoanyana le hore sephetho sena se susumetsoa ke baahi ba libaka tse ka leboea," ho boletse sengoli se phahameng sa thuto Regina Baucom, motlatsi oa moprofesa Lefapheng la UM la Ecology le Evolutionary Biology.
Boithuto bona ha boa ka ba fumana bopaki ba hore khanya ea hoseng e ntse e eketsa lebelo leo li itlhophang ka eona. Bopaki bo tsoang lithutong tse ling tse fetileng bo bontšitse ho eketseha ha "boithati" e le karabelo e ka bang teng ho phetoho ea mocheso le/kapa phokotseho ya ho tsamaisa peo e tsamaisanang le phetoho ya tshebediso ya mobu.
"Ena ke sehlooho sa pele sa ho sebelisa mokhoa oa tsoho ho hlahloba bokhoni ba hore litšobotsi tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho sebelisana ha limela le limela li ka 'na tsa fetoha ha nako e ntse e ea, tse tsamaellanang le ho fokotseha ha bongata ba limela le liphetoho tse tsotehang tsa tikoloho ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha maemo a leholimo le mebuso ea tšebeliso ea mobu," Bishopo a rialo.
Batho ba leshome le metso e mehlano ba khanya ea hoseng ba kenyelelitsoe tekong ea tsoho ba shebileng liphetoho tsa morphology ea lipalesa. Baahi ba mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro ba kenyelelitsoe thutong ea lipalesa tsa pejana tsa selemo. Ka kakaretso, lipalesa tse 2,836 li lekantsoe ho tsoa ho limela tse 456.