Haeba u kile ua sheba mohloli oa matla a ka nchafatsoang - letsatsi, moea, mocheso oa mocheso kapa tse ling - e le mokhoa oa ho matlafatsa polasi ea hau 'me u fihletse qeto ea hore e turu haholo, u lokela ho sheba hape. Monyetla oa ho boloka chelete o moholo haholo hore o ka hlokomolohuoa, ho boletse Jim Byrum, mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Michigan Agri-Commerce.
O itse: "Batho ba bangata ba mahaeng ba tla u joetsa hore e theko e boima haholo hobane ba ile ba e sheba lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, empa lintho li ntse li fetoha ebile li fetoha ka potlako," o boletse joalo.
Byrum o buile nakong ea "Matla a Temo ea Michigan ka Matla a Tsosolositsoeng," kopano e neng e tšoaretsoe haufinyane East Lansing, Michigan. O itse mahlale a macha a theha menyetla e neng e le sieo le lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, le hore matla a nchafalitsoeng a theko e tlase ho feta pele.
Ha a bua ka lipalo-palo tsa USDA, Byrum o itse liperesente tse 30 tsa litšenyehelo tsa polasing li amana le matla. Ke litšenyehelo tse fapaneng tse ka laoloang. Ntho e bonolo joalo ka ho fetola mabone e ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa hau tsa matla ka kotara.
Ho feta moo, mapolasi a lijalo le mehlape, libaka tsa ho lokisa lijo le mesebetsi e meng ea temo e hloka matla a mangata ho sebetsa 'me matsatsing ana a hlahlobisisoa haholoanyane mabapi le "ts'ebetso". Lipheo tsa ts'ebeliso ea matla tsa Corporate America li tla sutumelletsa barekisi ho matla a ka nchafatsoang ka matla ho feta taolo efe kapa efe ea mmuso e neng e ka khona, ho boletse Byrum.
"Ke ne ke nahana hore ho tšoarella ho bolela hore u tlameha ho etsa chelete e lekaneng e le hore u ka lema selemong se tlang," o boletse joalo. "Tlhaloso eo e fetohile hanyane."
Matsatsing ana, baahi ba likhoebo ba shebile matla a tsosolositsoeng eseng joalo ka khetho empa e le taelo, 'me bongata ba boiteko bona bo tla latela ho bafani ba bona, ho kenyeletsoa le lihoai, o boletse joalo.
Empa ho na le litaba tse monate. USDA le mananeo a mang a mmuso a na le lithuso tse fumanehang bakeng sa merero ea matla a tsosolositsoeng a polasing, 'me litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya lintho tse kang letsatsi le moea li theohile. Leha ho le joalo, mathata a ntse a le teng Michigan le libakeng tse ling. Mapolasi a mangata a libakeng tsa mahaeng, moo phihlello e fokolang ea matla e sitisitseng kholo, Byrum o boletse.
Ho ithuta haholoanyane ka mananeo a matla a ka nchafatsoang sebakeng sa heno, ikopanye le lisebelisoa tsa hau tsa motlakase tsa lehae, o boletse joalo.
"Rona temong re tlameha ho buisana ka katleho le lits'ebeletso mabapi le hore na litlhoko tsa rona ke life, le hore na menyetla ea rona ke efe," ho boletse Byrum.
Solar
Ken Zebarah, mookameli oa thekiso ea Kotulo Litharollo tsa Matla, e ile ea beha melemo ea ho tsamaea ka matla a letsatsi. Matla a letsatsi a theko e tlase ebile a sebetsa hantle ho feta pele. Mmuso o fana ka tshehetso ka mokgwa wa dithuso le dikadimo tsa lekgetho. Litšebeletso tsa Michigan le tsona li fana ka likhothatso tse fapaneng. A re molemi ea tloaelehileng a ka khutlisa letsete la hae la pele nakong ea lilemo tse 'ne ho isa ho tse robeli.
Liphanele tse ngata tsa letsatsi li na le tiisetso ea lilemo tse 25 ho isa ho tse 30 'me li hloka tlhokomelo e nyane. Liphanele li ka beoa holim'a mefuta eohle ea meaho ea 'mele,' me li ka senyeha haeba u batla ho hola nakong e tlang, Zebarah o boletse.
Leha ho le joalo, pele u tsamaea le letsatsi, lumella setsebi ho ithuta sekoloto sa hau sa motlakase le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea lichelete. Bontša hore na liphanele li tla nka sebaka se kae, 'me u netefatse hore likhothatso tsa lekhetho li tla u tsoela molemo, o boletse joalo.
Hang ha u se u hula mochine, ts'ebetso eohle - ho kenyeletsa lipampiri, ho reka, ho kenya le ho hokahanya - ho ka nka nako e fetang selemo, Zebarah o itse.
moea o fokang
Steve Harsh, setsebi sa Katoloso le Michigan State University (MSU), o ile a re tsamaiso ea matla a moea o monyenyane o ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa motlakase oa polasing, empa ke habohlokoa ho hlahloba hore na u na le moea o kae sebakeng sa hau. Polasi ya hao e hloka mabelo a moya a bonyane dimaele tse 10 ho isa ho tse 12 ka hora (ho na le dikhamphani tse ka lekanyang lebelo la moya) ho etsa hore turbine e be molemo wa nako ya hao, o boletse jwalo.
Ho kenya mochine o monyenyane oa moea o motlakase, o tlameha ho tlosa litšitiso tse ngata tsa tsamaiso: libaka tsa metse le mohaho, inshorense le khokahanyo ea marang-rang, ho bolela tse seng kae. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, melao e fetisitsoeng Michigan lilemong tse tšeletseng tse fetileng e etsa hore ho be bonolo haholoanyane ho hokela marang-rang a matla, ho boletse Harsh.
U hloka hoo e ka bang hekthere e le 1 ea mobu bakeng sa turbine ea moea o monyane, le tšitiso ho tloha mehala ea thepa ea hau e ka bang lihekthere tse 1.25 (maemo a mang a oela fatše). Ha u batle meaho le lifate tse ngata haufi. Mme mohlomong o batla ho shebana le baahisani ba hau pele o kenya turbine, ho boletse Harsh.
Geothermal
Timothy Schultz, mopresidente oa Terra Caloric, e kenyang litsamaiso tse kholo tsa geothermal (mocheso o tsoang lefats'eng), e buisane ka mokhoa o nyalisitsoeng oa solar/geothermal bakeng sa bolulo ba mahaeng.
"Solar e hapa tlhokomelo eohle, empa geothermal e ka etsa hore letsatsi e be letsete le bohlale haholoanyane," ho boletse Schultz.
Ka mokhoa oa lebasetere, u penya letsatsi le lefats'e, u hula matla a tsoang holimo le tlase. O ka fumana matla ohle a hau ho tsoa ho geothermal feela, ehlile, empa ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya ts'ebetso ea pele esale e le serethe sa Achilles sa indasteri, o boletse joalo.
"Ha ho motho ea botsang theknoloji," Schultz o itse. “E ikhetha. Empa re tlameha ho rarolla bothata bona ba mantlha. ”
O itse ho na le liliba tse ka bang milione Michigan - mohloli o moholo, o sa sebelisoang bakeng sa matla a mocheso oa mocheso. Sistimi e nyane ea mocheso oa mocheso o tlase e ka kenella lilibeng tseo 'me ea fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matla ka halofo - re sa bue ka ho thusa tikoloho, o boletse joalo.
Tšimoloho ea Anaerobic
Dana Kirk, motlatsi oa moprofesa le MSU, ho ile ha buisanoa ka tšilo ea lijo ea anaerobic, mokhoa oa likokoana-hloko oo likokoana-hloko li senyang lintho tse ka senyehang. Lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa tšilo ea anaerobic li kenyelletsa methane, biogas le digestate, tse ka sebelisoang e le manyolo. Biogas e ka chesoa ho hlahisa mocheso le motlakase, kapa e ka fetoloa hore e be khase ea tlhaho le mafura a koloi.
Kirk o itse ho na le li-anaerobic digester tse supileng tse sebetsang mapolasing a Michigan, tse silang moiteli oa lebese le likolobe tse ka bang 40,000 le ho hlahisa pakeng tsa 3.2 le 3.6 megawatts ea motlakase. Li-digester li fokotsa tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide ka lithane tse ka bang 50,000 tsa metric ka selemo.
Indasteri ea lebese la US e batla ho kenya li-digester tse 1,500 mapolasing a lebese ho pholletsa le naha, ka sepheo sa ho fokotsa khabone ea tlhahiso ea lebese, o boletse joalo.
Hape ho na le monyetla o moholo oa litšila tsa ho lokisa lijo, tse nang le matla a mangata ho feta mantle. Michigan e hlahisa bonyane lithane tse 800 ho isa ho tse 1,000 tsa litšila tsa lijo ka letsatsi. Haeba litšila tseo li ka chekoa ka mokhoa oa anaerobic, li ka hlahisa matla a mangata haholo. Ho seng joalo, e fella ka pompong ea likhoerekhoere kapa terakeng e lebang thotobolong, ho boletse Kirk.
Lijalo tsa Bioenergy
Lijalo tsa bioenergy - mosetareta oa bochabela, canola, switchgrass, joalo-joalo - li sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa bioenergy ka mokhoa o tiileng (biomass) le metsi (biofuel). Lijalo tsa Bioenergy ke monyetla bakeng sa temo ea Michigan, empa mohlomong ha se tsa masimo a mapolasi a behang haholo. Li ka lengoa mobung o ka thoko, leha ho le joalo - tseo mmuso o nang le tsona tse ngata, ho boletse Charles Gould, morupeli oa MSU Extension.
Gould o buile ka lithapo tsa li-buffer le li-filters le ho lula haufi le metsi. O itse ho na le lihekthere tse 17,000 ka har'a libaka tsa lipapali tsa mmuso, lihekthere tse 5,000 ho Detroit le tse fetang 1,200 ho Flint. Ho na le lihekthere tse makholo tsa libaka tse ka thoko ho potoloha boemafofane ba masepala. Ho kanna ha ba le lihekthere tse 9,000 ho isa ho tse 12,000 tsa sebaka se nepahetseng sa tsela seterekeng. Empa ho na le litšitiso tsa ho sebelisa masimo ana, o itse, ho kenyeletsoa mobu o mobe le balaoli ba mmuso le ba mmuso ba tsilatsilang ho lumella phihlello.
Ho na le mathata a mang a ho lema lijalo tsa bioenergy. Ha ho na dibolayalehola tse ngodisitsweng bakeng sa ba bang, ka hona ho hlokeha mekgololo ho laola lehola. Ho boetse ho na le khaello ea tsebo mabapi le mokhoa oa ho lema lijalo tse ling, 'me Michigan ha e na lisebelisoa tse lekaneng tsa ho lokisa le liketane tsa phepelo, o boletse joalo.
"Ho na le menyetla, empa mosebetsi o tlameha ho etsoa hore sena se etsahale ka bongata," Gould o itse.
- Matt Milkovich, mohlophisi ea laolang