Abderahman Rejeb a , Alireza Abdollahi b , Karim Rejeb c , Horst Treiblmaier d,
- a Lefapha la Tsamaiso le Molao, Faculty of Economics, Univesithi ea Roma Tor Vergata, Via Columbia, 2, Roma 00133, Italy
- b Lefapha la Tsamaiso ea Khoebo, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, 1599964511 Tehran, Iran
- c Faculty of Sciences ea Bizerte, Univesithi ea Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia
- d Sekolo sa Tsamaiso ea Machaba, Univesithi ea Modul Vienna, Am Kahlenberg 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
SEHLOOHO TSEBISO | HO HLOKA |
Keywords: Drones UAV Temo e nepahetseng Internet Lintho Tse Bibliometrics | Drones, eo hape e bitsoang Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), e bone tsoelo-pele e tsotehang lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena. Temong, ba fetotse mekhoa ea temo ka ho fa lihoai chelete e ngata ea ho boloka litšenyehelo, e eketsehile ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle, le phaello e ntle. Lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, sehlooho sa li-drones tsa temo se na le hohela tlhokomelo e makatsang ya thuto. Ka hona, re etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng e thehiloeng ho bibliometrics ho akaretsa le ho hlophisa lingoliloeng tse teng tsa thuto le ho senola mekhoa ea hajoale ea lipatlisiso le libaka tse hotspots. Rona sebelisa mekhoa ea bibliometric le ho sekaseka lingoliloeng tse potolohileng li-drones tsa temo ho akaretsa le hlahloba lipatlisiso tse fetileng. Tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'a hore temoho e hole, temo e nepahetseng, thuto e tebileng, ho ithuta ka mochini le Marang-rang a Lintho ke lihlooho tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le li-drones tsa temo. Khopolo-kopano tlhahlobo e senola lihlopha tse tšeletseng tsa lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng libukeng. Thuto ena ke e 'ngoe ea liteko tsa pele tsa ho akaretsa lipatlisiso tsa drone temong le ho fana ka maikutlo a litsela tsa lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang. |
Selelekela
Temo ke mohloli oa mantlha oa lijo tsa lefats'e (Friha et al., 2021), mme e tobane le mathata a maholo ka lebaka la
tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo, polokeho ea lijo, le mathata a tšireletso hammoho le boipiletso ba ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, paballo ea metsi, le
botsitso (Inoue, 2020). Ho hakanngoa hore tsoelo-pele ena e tla tsoela pele ho tloha ha palo ea baahi ba lefatše e fihla ho limilione tse likete tse 9.7 ka 2050
(2019). Kaha temo ke mohlala o hlahelletseng ka ho fetesisa oa tšebeliso ea metsi lefatšeng ka bophara, ho lebelletsoe tlhokahalo ea lijo le metsi
tšebeliso e tla eketseha haholo nakong e tlang e lebelletsoeng. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea manyolo le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana
'moho le ho matlafatsoa ha mesebetsi ea temo ho ka baka mathata a tikoloho nakong e tlang. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mobu o lemehang o lekanyelitsoe, le
palo ea lihoai e ntse e fokotseha lefatšeng ka bophara. Liqholotso tsena li toboketsa tlhokeho ea litharollo tse ncha le tse tšoarellang tsa temo (Elija
le tse ling, 2018; Friha et al., 2021; Inoue, 2020; Tzounis et al., 2017).
Ho kenyelletsa mahlale a morao-rao ho khethiloe e le tharollo e tšepisang ho rarolla mathata ana. Temo e bohlale (Brewster et al.,
2017; Tang et al., 2021) le temo e nepahetseng (Feng et al., 2019; Khanna & Kaur, 2019) e hlahile ka lebaka la likhang tse joalo. The
ea pele ke mohopolo o akaretsang oa ho amohela theknoloji ea puisano ea tlhaiso-leseling (ICT) le tse ling tse ncha tse tsoetseng pele mesebetsing ea temo ho eketsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso (Haque et al., 2021). Ea ho qetela e tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a tsamaiso e tobileng ea sebaka seo mobu o arotsoeng ka sona
likarolo tse tšoanang, 'me karolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e fumana palo e nepahetseng ea tlhahiso ea temo bakeng sa ntlafatso ea chai ka theknoloji e ncha (Feng et al., 2019; Khanna & Kaur, 2019). Litheknoloji tse hlahelletseng tse hohetseng maikutlo a litsebi lefapheng lena li kenyelletsa Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) (J. Zheng & Yang, 2018; Y. Zhou et al., 2016), Marang-rang a Lintho (IoT) (Gill et al., 2017; He et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2019;
mahlale a maiketsetso (AI), ho kenyelletsa ho ithuta ka mochini le ho ithuta ka botebo (Liakos et al., 2018; Parsaeian et al., 2020; Shadrin et al.,
2019), mahlale a khomphutha (Hsu et al., 2020; Jinbo et al., 2019; Zamora-Izquierdo et al., 2019), data e kholo (Gill et al., 2017; Tantalaki
et al., 2019), le blockchain (PW Khan et al., 2020; Pincheira et al., 2021).
Ho phaella ho litheknoloji tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho lemoha ka thōko ho nkoa e le sesebelisoa sa theknoloji se nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho ntlafatsa.
temo e bohlale le e nepahetseng. Li-satellite, lifofane tse tsamaisoang ke batho, le li-drones ke mahlale a tsebahalang a hole-hole (Tsouros et al., 2019).
Drones, tse tsejoang haholo ka hore ke Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), le lifofane tse lekoang hole, ke tsa.
bohlokoa bo boholo kaha li na le melemo e mengata ha li bapisoa le litheknoloji tse ling tse hole. Ka mohlala, li-drones li ka fana
litšoantšo tsa boleng bo holimo le tse phahameng ka matsatsi a maru (Manfreda et al., 2018). Hape, ho fumaneha ha bona le lebelo la phetisetso li etsa tse ling
melemo (Radoglou-Grammatikis et al., 2020). Ha ho bapisoa le lifofane, li-drones li na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng haholo ebile li bonolo ho li hlophisa le ho li hlokomela (Tsouros et al., 2019). Leha e ne e sebelisoa haholo molemong oa sesole, li-drones li ka thusa lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa sechaba, mohlala, taolong ea phepelo ea thepa (A. Rejeb, Rejeb, et al., 2021a), molemong oa liphallelo (A. Rejeb, Rejeb, et al., 2021c), temo e bohlale, lipatlisiso le limmapa, litokomane tsa lefa la setso, tsamaiso ea likoluoa, le paballo ea meru le liphoofolo tse hlaha (Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020). Temong, libaka tse ngata tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-drones li teng kaha li ka kopanngoa le mahlale a morao-rao, bokhoni ba likhomphutha, le li-sensor tsa onboard ho ts'ehetsa taolo ea lijalo (mohlala, ho etsa 'mapa, ho beha leihlo, ho nosetsa, tlhahlobo ea limela) (H. Huang et al., 2021) , phokotso ea likoluoa, lits'ebetso tsa temoso ea pele, paballo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha le meru ho bolela tse 'maloa (Negash et al., 2019). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, li-drones li ka sebelisoa mesebetsing e mengata ea temo, ho kenyeletsoa ho lekola lijalo le kholo, khakanyo ea chai, tlhahlobo ea khatello ea metsi, le mofoka, likokoanyana le ho lemoha mafu (Inoue, 2020; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020). Hase feela hore li-drones li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho beha leihlo, ho lekanya, le merero ea ho lemoha ho ipapisitse le lintlha tsa bona tsa kutlo, empa hape le bakeng sa ho nosetsa ka nepo le taolo e nepahetseng ea lehola, likokoanyana le mafu. Ka mantsoe a mang, li-drones li khona ho fafatsa metsi le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka bongata bo nepahetseng ho latela lintlha tsa tikoloho. Melemo ea li-drones temong e akaretsoa ho Lethathamo la 1.
Melemo e ka sehloohong ea li-drones temong.
Rua Molemo | Litšupiso |
Ntlafatsa nako le sebaka ho utloa liqeto | (Gago et al., 2015; Niu et al., 2020; Srivastava le al., 2020) |
Ho nolofatsa temo ka nepo | (L. Deng et al., 2018; Kalischuk et al., 2019; Maimaitijiang et al., 2017) |
Classification le scouting ea lijalo | (Inoue, 2020; Kalischuk et al., 2019; Lopez- ´ Granados et al., 2016; Maimaitijiang et al., 2017; Melville et al., 2019; Moharana & Dutta, 2016) |
Tšebeliso ea manyolo | (L. Deng et al., 2018; Guan et al., 2019) |
Tlhokomelo ya komello | (Fawcett et al., 2020; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020; Su et al., 2018) |
Khakanyo ea biomass | (Bendig et al., 2014) |
Khakanyo ea lihlahisoa | (Inoue, 2020; Panday, Shrestha, et al., 2020; Tao le al., 2020) |
Phokotso ea likoluoa | (Negash et al., 2019) |
Paballo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha le meru | (Negash et al., 2019; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020) |
Tekanyetso ea khatello ea metsi | (Inoue, 2020; J. Su, Coombes, et al., 2018; L. Zhang et al., 2019) |
Likokoanyana, lehola le mafu ho lemoha | (Ga-sparovic et al., 2020; Inoue, 2020; J. Su, Liu, le tse ling, 2018; X. Zhang et al., 2019) |
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-drones le tsona li tobana le mefokolo. Ho kenya letsoho ha sefofane, matla a enjene, botsitso le ho tšepahala, boleng ba li-sensor ka lebaka la mojaro oa moputso
mefokolo ea boima, litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetsong, le taolo ea lifofane, ke tse ling tsa tsona (C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012). Re bapisa mefokolo
ea litheknoloji tse tharo tsa ho lemoha ka remoutu ho Lethathamo la 2. Litheknoloji tse ling tsa kutlo tse hole, joalo ka lisensara tsa mobu, li ka nqane ho tsepamisoang maikutlo thutong ena.
Mefokolo ea litheknoloji tse fapaneng tsa ho lemoha tse hole.
Ho utloa hole theknoloji e | Mefokolo | References |
Drone (UAV) | Ho kenya letsoho ha sefofane; litšoantšo' boleng (karolelano); ditjeho tsa tshebetso (karolelano); botsitso, manouverability, le ho tšepahala; maemo a maemo; matla a enjene; matla a fokolang mehloli (bophelo ba betri); nako e lekanyelitsoeng ea sefofane, ho thulana le litlhaselo tsa marang-rang; lekanyetsoa boima ba moputso; li-datasets tse kholo le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea data bokgoni; ho hloka taolo; ho hloka boitsebelo, ho kena ho phahameng mekoallo ea ho fihlella lifofane tsa temo; | (Bacco et al., 2018; Dawaliby le tse ling, 2020; Hardin & Hardin, 2010; Hardin & Jensen, 2011; Lagkas et al., 2018; Laliberte et al., 2007; Lalibete & Rango, 2011; Manfreda et al., 2018, 2018; Nebiker et al., 2008; Puri le tse ling, 2017; Velusamy et al., 2022; C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012) |
Satellite | Tšireletso ea nako le nako ka satellite, tharollo e fokolang ea spectral; bofokodi ba ditaba tsa ponahalo (mohlala, maru); Ha e fumanehe le lebelo le tlase la phetisetso; tjantjello le vignetting liphello tse bitsang chelete e ngata ea sebaka data pokello; ho fana ka data butle nako ea ho felisa basebelisi | (Aboutalebi et al., 2019; Cen le tse ling, 2019; Chen et al., 2019; Nansen le Elliott, 2016; Panday, Pratihast, le tse ling, 2020; Sai Vineeth le al., 2019) |
baetsi ba lifofane | Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho adoptha; tlhophiso e rarahaneng; litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo; ho hloka botshepehi lifofane, geometry ea litšoantšo; data e sa tloaelehang ho fumana; ho hloka ho tenyetseha; likotsi tse bolaeang; data ea sensor mefuta e sa tšoaneng ka lebaka la ho thothomela; litaba tsa georeferencing | (Armstrong et al., 2011; Atkinson et al., 2018; Barbedo & Koenigkan, 2018; Kovalev le Voroshilova, 2020; Suomalainen et al., 2013; Thamm et al., 2013) |
Joalo ka theknoloji ea mesebetsi e mengata le e sebetsang ka bongata temong, li-drones li 'nile tsa fuputsoa ho tsoa mekhoeng e fapaneng. Mohlala, litsebi li hlahlobile lits'ebetso tsa drone temong (Kulbacki et al., 2018; Mogili & Deepak, 2018), tlatsetso ea bona temong e nepahetseng (Puri et al., 2017; Tsouros et al., 2019), tlatsetso ea bona le tse ling. mahlale a morao-rao (Al-Thani et al., 2020; Dutta & Mitra, 2021; Nayyar et al., 2020; Saha et al., 2018), le menyetla ea ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bona ba ho sesa le ho utloa (Bareth et al. , 2015; Suomalainen et al., 2014). Kaha lipatlisiso mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa drone temong li se li atile (Khan et al., 2021)), ho na le tlhoko ea ho akaretsa lingoliloeng tse teng le ho senola sebopeho sa bohlale sa domain. Ho feta moo, joalo ka sebaka sa theknoloji e phahameng se nang le lintlafatso tse tsoelang pele, litlhahlobo tse hlophisitsoeng li hloka ho etsoa ho akaretsa nako le nako lingoliloeng tse seng li le teng le ho supa likheo tsa bohlokoa tsa lipatlisiso. Ho
letsatsi, ho na le litlhahlobo tse fokolang tse buang ka lits'ebetso tsa drone lekaleng la temo. Mohlala, Mogili and Deepak (2018) ka bokhuts'oane ba shebisisa litlamorao tsa Drones mabapi le ho lekola lijalo le ho fafatsa ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Inoue (2020) e etsa tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea sathelaete le drone ho lemoha hole temong. Sengoli se hlahloba mathata a theknoloji ea ho amohela temo e bohlale le menehelo ea lisathelaete le li-drones tse ipapisitseng le lithuto tsa liketsahalo le mekhoa e metle. Tsouros et al. (2019) e akaretsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-drones le lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa mantlha temong, e totobatsang mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fumana le ho e lokisa. Haufinyane tjena, Aslan et al. (2022) e ile ea etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lits'ebetso tsa UAV mesebetsing ea temo mme ea totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho etsa sebaka ka nako e le 'ngoe le ho etsa 'mapa oa UAV sebakeng sa sethopo. Diaz-Gonzalez le al. (2022) e hlahlobile lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa tlhahiso ea lijalo tse ipapisitseng le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho ithuta ka mochini le hole
litsamaiso tsa kutlo. Liphuputso tsa bona li bontšitse hore li-UAV li molemo ho hakanya matšoao a mobu le ho feta mekhoa ea sathelaete ho latela qeto ea sebaka, nako ea tlhahisoleseding, le ho fetoha ha maemo. Basiri et al. (2022) e entse tlhahlobo e felletseng ea mekhoa le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho hlola mathata a moralo oa litsela bakeng sa li-UAV tse nang le li-rotor tse ngata molemong oa temo e nepahetseng. Ho feta moo, Awais et al. (2022) e akaretsa ts'ebeliso ea data ea remoutu ea UAV lijalong ho hakanya boemo ba metsi mme e fane ka motsoako o tebileng oa bokhoni bo lebelletsoeng ba UAV remoune sensing bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea khatello ea kelello. Qetellong, Aquilani et al. (2022) e hlahlobile mahlale a pele a temo a sebelisoang mekhoeng ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang makhulong 'me a fumana hore maikutlo a hole a sebelisoang ke li-UAV a molemo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea biomass le tsamaiso ea mehlape.
Hape, boiteko ba ho sebelisa li-UAV ho lekola, ho sala morao, le ho bokellela mehlape li tlalehiloe haufinyane.
Le hoja litlhahlobo tsena li fana ka maikutlo a macha le a bohlokoa, ha ho tlhahlobo e felletseng le ea morao-rao e thehiloeng ho bibliometrics e ka fumanoang libukeng, e hlahisang lekhalo le hlakileng la tsebo. Ho feta moo, ho boletsoe hore ha tlhahiso ea borutehi e hola sebakeng sa mahlale, ho ba bohlokoa hore bafuputsi ba sebelise mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo ho utloisisa sebopeho sa tsebo ea sebaka seo (Rivera & Pizam, 2015). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Ferreira et al. (2014) o ile a pheha khang ea hore ha libaka tsa lipatlisiso li ntse li hōla 'me li rarahane, litsebi li lokela ho ikemisetsa ho utloisisa ka linako tse ling tsebo e hlahisoang le ho bokelloa ho senola litlatsetso tse ncha, ho hapa meetlo le mekhoa ea lipatlisiso, ho tseba hore na ke lihlooho life tse ithutoang, le ho hlahloba sebopeho sa tsebo. tšimo le litsela tsa lipatlisiso tse ka bang teng. Leha Raparelli and Bajocco (2019) ba entse tlhahlobo ea bibliometric ho lekola sebaka sa tsebo sa lits'ebetso tsa drone temong le merung, boithuto ba bona bo nka feela lipatlisiso tsa borutehi tse phatlalalitsoeng lipakeng tsa 1995 le 2017, tse sa bonts'ang matla a sebaka sena se tsamaeang ka potlako. Ho feta moo, bangoli ha baa ka ba leka ho khetholla menehelo e nang le tšusumetso e kholo tšimong, ho bokella lingoliloeng, le ho hlahloba sebopeho sa kelello ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea co-citation. Ka lebaka leo, hoa hlokahala ho akaretsa lingoliloeng ho senola lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa lipatlisiso, mekhoa le libaka tse hotspots.
Ho tlatsa lekhalo lena la tsebo, re sebelisa mekhoa ea lipalo le mekhoa e matla ea bibliometric ho hlahloba boemo ba hajoale ba lipatlisiso mateanong a li-drones le temo. Re pheha khang ea hore boithuto ba hajoale bo fana ka litlatsetso tse 'maloa ho lingoliloeng tse teng ka ho hlahloba theknoloji e ntseng e hlaha e hlokahalang haholo temong kaha e fana ka monyetla o moholo oa ho fetola likarolo tse' maloa lefapheng lena. Tlhokahalo ea tlhahlobo ea bibliometric ea li-drones tsa temo e utloahala le ho feta ha ho fanoa ka tsebo e hasaneng le e arohaneng ea li-drones molemong oa temo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lingoliloeng tse mabapi le li-drones tsa temo li tlameha ho kopanngoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng, ho nahanoa ka lithuto tse nang le tšusumetso e kholo tse thehang motheo oa lefapha lena la lipatlisiso. Mohola tshekatshekong o akaretsa gape le tlhaloso ya dithitokgang tsa patlisiso tse di emetsweng mo dikwalong. Ha re nahana ka bokhoni ba phetoho ea theknoloji, re lumela hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ea marang-rang e fana ka lintlha tse ncha ka ho tseba mesebetsi e nang le tšusumetso le ho senola lihlooho tse mabapi le monyetla oa temo oa drones.
Ka hona, re leka ka matla ho fihlela lipheo tse latelang tsa lipatlisiso:
- Ho tsebahatsa likhatiso tse nang le tšusumetso e matla tse nang le litlatsetso tse hlahelletseng tsa lits'ebetso tsa drone lefapheng la temo.
- Ho kopanya lingoliloeng, ho tsebahatsa lintlha tsa lipatlisiso, le ho etsa 'mapa oa lithuto tsa mantlha tsa 'sebopeho sa bohlale' tse thehiloeng ho ts'oana ea semantic ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea co-citation.
- Kutloisiso ea phetoho ea likhokahano le marang-rang a qotsitsoeng ha nako e ntse e feta har'a likhatiso tse fapaneng tšimong le ho tsebahatsa lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang le lihlooho tse chesang.
Pampiri e setseng e hlophisitsoe ka tsela e latelang: karolo ea 2 e hlalosa mekhoa le mehato ea ho bokella lintlha; karolo ea 3 e fana ka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo; 'me karolo ea 4 e tšohla liphuputso mme e phethela ka liphallelo tsa lipatlisiso, litlamorao, le litaelo tsa nako e tlang.
Methodology
Thutong ena ea hajoale ea lipatlisiso, re etsa tlhahlobo ea bibliometric ho hlahloba lits'ebetso tsa drone temong. Mokhoa ona oa lipalo o senola sebopeho sa kelello sa sebaka sa tsebo (Arora & Chakraborty, 2021) le boemo ba hajoale, lihlooho tse chesang, le lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang tse ka hlahlojoang ka ho sebelisa mokhoa ona (Kapoor et al., 2018; Mishra et al. , 2017; A. Rejeb, Rejeb, et al., 2021b; Ka kakaretso, tlhahlobo ea bibliometric e hlahloba lingoliloeng tse teng ho akaretsa le ho senola mekhoa e patiloeng ea puisano e ngotsoeng le phetoho ea taeo e thehiloeng ho lipalo-palo le mekhoa ea lipalo, 'me e sebetsa ho lihlopha tse kholo tsa data (Pritchard, 2021; Small, 2020; Tahai & Rigsby , 1969). Ka ho sebelisa li-bibliometrics, re lakatsa ho utloisisa hamolemo li-paradigms tse teng le lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tse tlatsetsang sebakeng se ipapisitseng le ho tšoana (Thelwall, 1999). Bibliometrics e fana ka lintlha tse ncha tse tšehelitsoeng ke sepheo sa matla a mokhoa ona (Casillas & Acedo, 1998). Litsebi tse ngata li kile tsa etsa lithuto tsa bibliometric libakeng tse amanang, ho kenyeletsoa temo, temohisiso e hole, le phetoho ea dijithale (Armenta-Medina et al., 2008; Bouzembrak et al., 2007; A. Rejeb, Treiblmaier, et al., 2020; Wamba & Queiroz, 2019; Wang le al., 2021).
Tlhahlobo ea qotso
Litlhahlobo tsa qotsa li senola lintlha tse fapaneng sebakeng sa lipatlisiso tse fanoeng. Pele ho tsohle, e thusa ho senola bangoli le lingoliloeng tse nang le tšusumetso e kholo tse kenyang letsoho lefapheng le fanoeng la lipatlisiso le ho ba le tšusumetso e kholo (Gundolf & Filser, 2013). Taba ea bobeli, phallo ea tsebo le likhokahano tsa puisano lipakeng tsa bangoli li ka senoloa. Qetellong, ka ho ts'oara likhokahano lipakeng tsa mesebetsi e boletsoeng le e qotsitsoeng, motho a ka hlahloba liphetoho le phetoho ea sebaka sa tsebo ha nako e ntse e ea (Pournader).
le tse ling, 2020). Linomoro tse phahameng tsa khatiso li bontša bohlokoa ba eona le tlatsetso e kholo sebakeng sa lipatlisiso (Baldi, 1998; Gundolf & Filser, 2013; Marinko, 1998). Tlhahlobo ea likhatiso e boetse e thusa ho tseba mesebetsi e amehang le ho latela botumo ba eona le tsoelo-pele ea bona ha nako e ntse e ea.
Tlhahlobo ea ho kopanya litokomane
Tlhahlobo ea co-citation ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa lingoliloeng le ho bonts'a sebopeho sa mahlale a tšimo (Nerur et al., 2008). Ka mantsoe a mang, ka ho hloaea likhatiso tse qotsitsoeng haholo le likhokahano tsa tsona, mokhoa ona o arola likhatiso ka lihlopha tse ikhethileng tsa lipatlisiso moo likhatiso ka har'a sehlopha li arolelanang maikutlo a tšoanang khafetsa (McCain, 1990; Small, 1973). Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore ho tšoana ha ho bolele hore liphuputso tsa lingoliloeng li
ho lumellana le ho lumellana; Lingoliloeng li tsoa sehlopheng se le seng ka lebaka la ho tšoana ha lihlooho, empa li ka ba le maikutlo a hanyetsanang.
Pokello ea lintlha le tlhahlobo
Ho latela mokhoa o hlahisitsoeng ke White le Griffith (1981), re ile ra etsa patlisiso e felletseng ea lingoliloeng tsa koranta ho akaretsa sebaka sohle sa lipatlisiso tsa lits'ebetso tsa drone temong, re latela mehato e mehlano e latelang:
- Mohato oa pele e ne e le pokello ea lintlha. Scopus e khethiloe e le e 'ngoe ea li-database tse felletseng le tse tšepahalang tse nang le liphetho tse tloaelehileng. Meta-data ea likhatiso tse amanang le lits'ebetso tsohle tsa drone temong e ile ea fumanoa. Ka mor'a moo re ile ra sekaseka lingoloa tse khethiloeng, ra tlosa lingoloa tse se nang sehlooho tlhahlobisong.
- Re ile ra hlahlobisisa lingoliloeng le ho fumana mantsoe a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa a sebelisoang sebakeng sa lipatlisiso.
- Ka ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea mantsoe, re ile ra hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa bangoli le litokomane ho senola mekhoa ea qotso ea motheo. Re boetse re khethile bangoli le likhatiso tse nang le tšusumetso e kholo ka tlatsetso e kholo tšimong ea li-drones tsa temo.
- Re entse tlhahlobo ea co-citation ho arola lingoliloeng tse tšoanang ka lihlopha.
- Qetellong, re ile ra sekaseka likhokahano le likhokahano lipakeng tsa linaha, litsi, le likoranta ho hlahisa marang-rang a tšebelisano.
Ho tsebahatsa mantsoe a nepahetseng a ho batla
Re sebelisitse mekhoa e latelang ea ho batla bakeng sa ho kopanya data: (drone* KAPA "unmanned aerial vehicle" OR uav* KAPA "unmanned aircraf system” KAPA uas KAPA “sefofane se tsamaisoang ka thōko”) LE (temo kapa temo OR temo kapa molemi). Patlo e entsoe ka Loetse 2021. Drones e na le mabitso a 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa UAV, UAS, le lifofane tse lekoang hole (Sah et al., 2021). Mantsoe a tobileng a ho batla a amanang le temo a ile a khetholloa ho latela thuto ea Abdollahi et al. (2021). Molemong oa ho hlakisa le ho pepeseha, potso e nepahetseng eo re e sebelisitseng e fanoe ho Sehlomathiso sa 1. Ka mor'a ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa boitsebiso, re thehile faele ea mongolo e ileng ea kenngoa ho BibExcel, e leng sesebelisoa se tloaelehileng sa ho qotsa le ho hlahloba ka kopanelo. Sesebelisoa sena se boetse se fana ka tšebelisano e bonolo le lisebelisoa tse ling 'me se fana ka tekanyo e kholo ea tokoloho ho sebetsanang le ho hlahloba lintlha. Mofuta oa VOSviewer 1.6.16 o ile oa sebelisoa ho bona se fumanoeng le ho hlahisa marang-rang a bibliometric (Eck & Waltman, 2009). VOSviewer e fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea pono e hlakileng, haholo bakeng sa ho sekaseka limmapa tsa bibliometric (Geng et al., 2020). Ho feta moo, e thusa ho fana ka liphetho tse hlakileng tsa pono tse thusang ho utloisisa sephetho hantle (Abdollahi et al., 2021). Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho batla joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, re ile ra bokella le ho boloka lingoliloeng tsohle tse amehang. Liphetho tsa pele tsa lipatlisiso li hlahisitse kakaretso ea litokomane tse 5,085. Ho netefatsa boleng ba sampole e khethiloeng, ke lingoloa tsa koranta tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka feela tse ileng tsa nkuoa liphuputsong, e leng se ileng sa fella ka hore ho qheleloe ka thoko mefuta e meng ea litokomane, joalo ka libuka, likhaolo, lits'ebetso tsa likopano le lintlha tsa bohlophisi. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo, lingoliloeng tse sa sebetseng (ke hore, ho feta mosebetsi ona), tse sa hlokahaleng (ke hore, tse kopitsoang tse tsoang ho indexing habeli), le lingoliloeng tse sa bueng Senyesemane li ile tsa tlhotloa. Ts'ebetso ena e ile ea fella ka ho kenyelletsoa ha litokomane tsa 4,700 tlhahlobong ea ho qetela.
Liphetho le lipuisano
Ho qala, re ile ra hlahlobisisa tsoelo-pele ea tlhahiso ea khatiso libukeng tsa morao-rao tse mabapi le li-drones tsa temo. Kabo ea nakoana ea lipatlisiso tsa litsebi e bontšoa setšoantšong sa 1. Re bona keketseho e potlakileng ea likhatiso ho tloha ka selemo sa 2011 (likhatiso tse 30) ho ea pele; ka hona, re nkile qeto ea ho arola nako ea tlhahlobo ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e fapaneng. Re bua ka nako e lipakeng tsa 1990 le 2010 e le mohato oa ho aha, o neng o na le lipampiri tse ka bang supileng tse hatisoang selemo le selemo. Nako ea ka mor'a 2010 e 'nile ea bitsoa mohato oa kholo ho tloha ha lipatlisiso mabapi le likopo tsa drone temong li bone keketseho e matla nakong ena. Kamora 2010, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea lingoliloeng e tiisa thahasello e ntseng e hola har'a bafuputsi, e bonts'ang hape hore li-drones li sebelisitsoe ho lemoha hole le ho sebelisoa temong e nepahetseng (Deng et al., 2018; Maes & Steppe, 2019; Messina & Modica, 2020 ). Ka ho khetheha, palo ea likhatiso e nyolohile ho tloha ho 108 ka 2013 ho ea ho 498 ka 2018 mme e fihlile tlhōrōng ea 1,275 ka 2020. Kakaretso ea lihlooho tsa 935 li hatisitsoe pakeng tsa January le bohareng ba September 2021. Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra khetha ho tsepamisa maikutlo a rona ho feta sethaleng sa kholo. kaha nako ena e bonahatsa lintho tsa morao-rao le tsa bohlokoa tse poteletseng tsa li-drones tsa temo.
Tlhahlobo ea mantsoe a sehlooho
Bangoli ba mantsoe a sehlooho ba khethang khatiso ba na le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa mabapi le hore na pampiri e emeloa joang le hore na e fetisoa joang har'a lichaba tsa mahlale. Ba khetholla lihlooho tsa bohlokoa tsa lipatlisiso mme ba tseba hore na e ka atleha kapa ea hloleha (Letsatsi le Gastel, 1998; Kim et al., 2016; Uddin et al., 2015). Tlhahlobo ea mantsoe a sehlooho, sesebelisoa sa ho senola mekhoa le litaelo tse pharalletseng tsa lipatlisiso, e bua ka ho bokelloa ha mantsoe a sehlooho a lingoliloeng tsohle tse amanang le sebaka sa marang-rang (Dixit & Jakhar, 2021). Thutong ea hajoale, re arotse mantsoe a bohlokoa a kopantsoeng ka lihlopha tse peli (ke hore, ho fihlela 2010 le 2011–2021) ho hlahloba lihlooho tse tsebahalang haholo. Ka ho etsa sena, re ka sala morao mantsoe a bohlokoa ka har'a lihlopha ka bobeli mme ra netefatsa hore re hapile lintlha tsohle tse hlokahalang. Bakeng sa sete e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, mantsoe a sehlooho a leshome a ka holimo a hlahisoa ho Lethathamo la 3. Re ile ra felisa ho se lumellane ka ho kopanya mantsoe a bohlokoa a tšoanang le a semantically, a kang "drone" le "drones" kapa, ka ho tšoanang, "Internet of Things" le "IoT".
Letlapa la 3 le bonts'a hore "koloi ea sefofane e sa sebetsoeng" ke lentsoe la sehlooho le sebelisoang khafetsa ha le bapisoa le "drone" le "moea o sa sebetseng oa sefofane" linakong ka bobeli. Hape, "malemo a hole," "temo e nepahetseng" le "temo" li maemong a holimo linakong tsena ka bobeli. Lekhetlong la pele, "temo e nepahetseng" e behiloe boemong ba bohlano, 'me e behile boemo ba bobeli nakong ea bobeli, e bonts'ang hore na li-drones li ntse li le bohlokoa hakae ho fihlela temo e nepahetseng joalo ka ha li khona ho beha leihlo,
ho lemoha, le mekhoa ea ho lekanya ka potlako, ka theko e tlaase, le e bonolo ho e etsa ha e bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho lemoha ka thōko le e thehiloeng fatše. Hape, ba ka fafatsa palo e nepahetseng ea ho kenya (mohlala, metsi kapa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana) ha ho hlokahala (Guo et al., 2020; Inoue, 2020; Panday, Pratihast, et al., 2020).
Lenane la mantsoe a bohlokoa a sebelisoang khafetsa.
boemo bo | 1990-2010 | Che. Ea liketsahalo | 2011-2021 | Che. Ea liketsahalo |
1 | moea o sa sebetsoeng koloi | 28 | e sa reroang sefofane sa sefofane | 1628 |
2 | hole sensing | 7 | e nepahetseng temo | 489 |
3 | temo | 4 | hole sensing | 399 |
4 | airborne | 4 | drone | 374 |
5 | e nepahetseng temo | 4 | e sa reroang tsamaiso ea moeeng | 271 |
6 | moea o sa sebetsoeng | 4 | temo | 177 |
7 | hyperspectral kutlo | 3 | thuto e tebileng | 151 |
8 | neural ea maiketsetso Marang-rang | 2 | mochini ho ithuta | 149 |
9 | fofa e ikemetseng | 2 | limela Index | 142 |
10 | kofi | 2 | Marang-rang ea lintho | 124 |
Ntho e 'ngoe e thahasellisang ke ho ba teng ha theknoloji e tlatsetsang. Mokhahlelong oa pele, "Hyperspectral Sensor" le "marang-rang a maiketsetso" (ANN) ke tse ling tsa mantsoe a sehlooho a leshome. Ho nahana ka hyperspectral ho ile ha fetola litšoantšo tsa setso ka ho bokella palo e kholo ea litšoantšo ka bolelele bo fapaneng ba maqhubu. Ka ho etsa joalo, li-sensor li ka bokella ka nako e le 'ngoe tlhahisoleseling e betere ea sebaka le pono ha e bapisoa le litšoantšo tse ngata, spectroscopy, le litšoantšo tsa RGB (Adao ˜ et al.,
2017). Ketsahalo ea "ANN" sethaleng sa pele le "thuto e tebileng" (DL) le "thuto ea mochine" (ML) ho ea bobeli e fana ka maikutlo a hore boholo ba mesebetsi e hatisitsoeng e shebane le tlhahlobo ea bokhoni ba mekhoa ea AI bakeng sa drone- temo e thehiloeng. Le hoja li-drones li khona ho fofa li ikemela, li ntse li hloka ho kenya letsoho ha mofofisi, e leng se bolelang boemo bo tlaase ba bohlale ba lisebelisoa. Leha ho le joalo, bothata bona bo ka rarolloa ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea AI, e ka fanang ka tlhokomeliso e ntle ea maemo le tšehetso ea liqeto tse ikemetseng. E na le AI, li-drones li ka qoba ho thulana nakong ea ho tsamaea, ho ntlafatsa taolo ea mobu le lijalo (Inoue, 2020), le ho fokotsa mosebetsi le khatello ea maikutlo ho batho (BK Sharma et al., 2019).
Ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha bona le bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le boitsebiso bo bongata bo sa tloaelehang, mekhoa ea AI ke mekhoa e loketseng ea ho hlahloba lintlha tse fetisitsoeng ke li-drones le mekhoa e meng ea hole le e thehiloeng fatše bakeng sa ho bolela esale pele le ho etsa liqeto (Ali et al., 2015; Ena, 2020). Ho feta moo, boteng ba "IoT" nakong ea bobeli bo bontša karolo ea eona e hlahang temong. IoT e fetola temo ka ho hokahanya mahlale a mang, ho kenyeletsoa li-drones, ML, DL, WSNs, le data e kholo. O mong oa melemo ea bohlokoa ea ho kenya tšebetsong IoT ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho kopanya mesebetsi e fapaneng ka nepo le ka nepo (ho fumana lintlha, tlhahlobo ea data le ts'ebetso, ho etsa liqeto le ho kenya ts'ebetsong) haufinyane (Elijah et al., 2018; Feng et al. , 2019; Muangprathub et al., 2019). Ho feta moo, li-drones li nkoa e le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa ho hapa lintlha tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho bala matla a limela le limela tsa limela (Candiago et al., 2015). Setšoantšo sa 2a le 2b li bonts'a li-network tsa mantsoe a sehlooho tsa nako e 'meli.
Bangoli ba nang le tšusumetso
Karolong ena, re khetha bangoli ba nang le tšusumetso le ho hlahloba hore na marang-rang a qotsitsoeng a sengoli a ka bona le ho hlophisa lingoliloeng tsa hajoale joang. Setšoantšo sa 3 se bontša tatellano ea tatellano ea liketsahalo tsa bafuputsi bohle ba nang le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea litemana. Sekala sa mebala se bonts'a phapang e bohlale ea selemo ea mantsoe a qotsitsoeng a bangoli. Re hlahloba sebopeho sa qotso sa bafuputsi ba hatisitseng lithuto tsa li-drones tsa temo ka ho sebelisa moeli oa bonyane ba qotsitsoeng ba 50 le likhatiso tse leshome. Ho tsoa
Bangoli ba 12,891, ke ba 115 feela ba ileng ba kopana le boemo bona. Lethathamo la 4 le thathamisa bangoli ba leshome ba nang le tšusumetso e kholo, ba hlophisoa ka palo e phahameng ea ba qotsitsoeng. Lopez- Granados F. o etella pele lethathamong le nang le mantsoe a 1,963, a lateloa ke Zarco-Tejada PJ e nang le litemana tse 1,909.
Lenane la bangoli ba bangata ba qotsitsoeng.
boemong | Mongoli | Litlhaloso |
1 | Lopez-Granados ´ F. | 1,963 |
2 | Zarco-Tejada PJ | 1,909 |
3 | Pena ˜ JM | 1,644 |
4 | Torres-S' anchez J. | 1,576 |
5 | Fereres E | 1,339 |
6 | Remondino F | 1,235 |
7 | Bolten A | 1,160 |
8 | Bareth G | 1,155 |
9 | Berni JA | 1,132 |
10 | ka Castro AI | 1,036 |
Ha ho tluoa ho lingoliloeng ka bomong, sengoloa sa Zhang and Kovacs (2012) e bile thuto e qotsitsoeng ka ho fetesisa e phatlalalitsoeng ho Precision Agriculture. Mona, bangoli ba ile ba hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea UAS temong e nepahetseng. Liphuputso tsa liphuputso tsa bona li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho ntšetsa pele moralo oa sethala, tlhahiso, maemo a setšoantšo sa georeferencing, le ts'ebetso ea ho khutlisa tlhahisoleseling ho fa lihoai lihlahisoa tse tšepahalang tsa ho qetela. Ho feta moo, ba khothaletsa ho sebelisana le sehoai ka matla, haholo-holo moralong oa masimo, ho nka litšoantšo, hammoho le ho toloka ha data le tlhahlobo. Habohlokoa, thuto ena e ne e le har'a ba pele ba ho bontša bohlokoa ba UAV 'mapeng oa masimo,' mapa oa matla, tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho hlahloba khatello ea limela, le ho hlahloba liphello tsa manyolo ho hōla ha limela. Mathata a amanang le thekenoloji a boetse a kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tse thibelang, bokhoni ba sensor, botsitso ba sethala le ho tšepahala, ho haella ha maemo, le mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho hlahloba lintlha tse ngata.
Tlhahlobo ea qotso
Tlhahlobo ea qotso e emela boithuto ba tšusumetso ea lingoliloeng, le hoja e le tšekamelo ea ho phalla (mohlala, leeme la ho qotsa, ho itlhalosa) ho nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhahlobo ea phello (Osareh, 1996; A. Rejeb et al., 2022; Sarli et al., 2010). Litlhaloso li boetse li bontša bohlokoa le matla a tlatsetso ea lipampiri libukeng tse mabapi le sehlooho se itseng (R. Sharma et al., 2022). Re entse tlhahlobo ea mantsoe ho fumana lithuto tse nang le tšusumetso e matla ho li-drones tsa temo le ho akaretsa litaba tse ka hare. Lethathamo la 5 le fana ka lethathamo la lipampiri tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse nang le tšusumetso ho fetisisa bakeng sa linako tsa 1990–2010 le 2011–2021. Lingoliloeng tsa Berni et al. (2009)b le Austin (2010) ke tsona tse qotsitsoeng ka ho fetisisa nakong ea 1990 le 2010, ka 831 le 498 ka ho latellana. Berni et al. (2009)b e bonts'itse bokhoni ba ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tsa holena tse ngata ka sefofane sa UAV se thehiloeng ho helikopta e nang le lisensara tsa litšoantšo tse futhumatsang tse ngata tse theko e tlaase. Ha ho bapisoa le li-sensor tsa setso tse tsamaisoang ke moea, sistimi ea UAV e theko e tlase bakeng sa temo e khona ho fihlela likhakanyo tse bapisoang tsa likarolo tsa biophysical tsa lijalo, haeba ho se betere. Litsenyehelo tse theko e tlaase le maemo a bonolo a ts'ebetso, hammoho le liqeto tse phahameng tsa spectral, sepakapaka, le tsa nakoana tse fumanehang ka nako e potlakileng ea phetoho, li fana ka li-UAV tse loketseng mefuta e mengata ea likopo tse hlokang ho laola nako ea bohlokoa, ho kenyelletsa le kemiso ea ho nosetsa, le temo e nepahetseng. Pampiri e tsoang ho Berni et al. (2009)b e qotsitsoe haholo hobane e ile ea kopanya ka katleho sethala sa rotary-wing se sa sebetsoeng le li-sensor tsa dijithale le tsa mocheso tse nang le mekhoa e hlokahalang ea ho lekanya lits'ebetso tsa temo. Phatlalatso ea bobeli e qotsitsoeng ka ho fetisisa ke buka e ngotsoeng ke Austin (2010), ea ileng a buisana ka li-UAV ho tloha ho moralo, nts'etsopele, le maikutlo a ho tsamaisa. Temong, li-UAV li ts'ehetsa tlhahlobo ea lijalo ka ho lemoha mafu kapele ka ho fetola 'mala oa lijalo, ho thusa ho jala lijalo le ho fafatsa, le ho beha leihlo le ho khanna mehlape.
Lithuto tsa Sullivan et al. (2007), Lumme et al. (2008), le Gokto ¨ ǧan et al. (2010) qetella lethathamo la lihlooho tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse qotsitsoeng haholo. Lingoliloeng tsena li bonts'a nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tse thehiloeng ho UAV ho ts'ehetsa temo. Ba fana ka litharollo mathateng a fapaneng, joalo ka ho lekola lijalo le ho sekena, ho lekola lehola le taolo, le tšehetso ea liqeto. Ba boetse ba fana ka maikutlo le ho buisana ka bokhoni ba UAV ba ho eketsa katleho ea lisampole le ho thusa lihoai ho rala ka nepo le ka katleho
maano a ho lema. Lipampiri tse peli li ngotsoe ke Berni (Berni et al., 2009b; Berni et al., 2009a), a totobatsa tšusumetso ea hae e kholo lipatlisisong tse amanang le temo ea drone. Pampiri e tsoang ho Zarco-Tejada et al. (2014) e bile e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa bo-pula-maliboho ho bontša tlhokahalo ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa UAV tse theko e tlaase ho quantification ea bophahamo ba lifate.
Lethathamo la likhatiso tse qotsitsoeng haholo.
boemo bo | Ho tloha 1990 ho isa 2010 | Ho tloha 2011 ho isa 2021 | ||
Tokomane | Tlhaloso | Tokomane | Tlhaloso | |
1 | (Berni le ba bang, 2009b) | 831 | (C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012) | 967 |
2 | (Austin, 2010) | 498 | (Nex & Remondino, 2014) | 893 |
3 | (Hunt et al., 2010) | 331 | (Floreano le Wood, 2015) | 552 |
4 | (SR Herwitz et al., 2004) | 285 | (Hossein Motlagh et al., 2016) | 391 |
5 | (CCD Lelong et al., 2008) | 272 | (Shakhatreh et al., 2019) | 383 |
6 | (Berni le ba bang, 2009b) | 250 | (Ma le ba bang, 2017) | 373 |
7 | (Grenzdorffer ¨ et al., 2008) | 198 | (Bendig et al., 2014) | 360 |
8 | (Hrabar et al., 2005) | 175 | (Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014) | 347 |
9 | (Y. Huang le ba bang, 2009) | 129 | (Ad ao et al., 2017) | 335 |
10 | (Schmale III et al., 2008) | 119 | (Honkavaara et al., 2013a) | 331 |
11 | (Abd-Elrahman et al., 2005) | 79 | (Candiago et al., 2015) | 327 |
12 | (Techy et al., 2010) | 69 | (Xiang & Tian, 2011) | 307 |
13 | (Sullivan et al., 2007) | 51 | (Matese et al., 2015) | 303 |
14 | (Lumme et al., 2008) | 42 | (Gago et al., 2015) | 275 |
15 | (Gokto ¨ ǧan et al., 2010) | 40 | (Aasen et al., 2015a) | 269 |
Nakong ea bobeli (2011-2021), lipatlisiso tsa Zhang and Kovacs (2012) le Nex and Remondino (2014) li ile tsa fella ka likhatiso tse qotsitsoeng hangata. Zhang and Kovacs (2012) ba pheha khang ea hore temo e nepahetseng e ka rua molemo ka ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa le li-sensor tsa geospatial, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa tlhaiso-leseling ea sebaka, GPS, le ho lemoha hole, ho hapa mefuta e fapaneng tšimong le ho e sebetsana ka ho sebelisa maano a mang. E le phetoho ea papali temong e nepahetseng, ho amoheloa ha li-drones ho phatlalalitse mehla e mecha ea ho lemoha hole, ho nolofatsa pono ea sefofane, ho hapa lintlha tsa kholo ea lijalo, maemo a mobu le libaka tsa ho fafatsa. Tlhahlobo ea Zhang and Kovacs (2012) ke ea bohlokoa kaha e fana ka leseli ho li-UAV ka ho senola ts'ebeliso le liphephetso tse teng tsa lisebelisoa tsena tlhahlobong ea tikoloho le temo e nepahetseng, joalo ka mefokolo ea sethala le kh'amera, mathata a ts'ebetso ea data, boitlamo ba lihoai le melao ea tsamaiso ea sefofane. . Ea bobeli
lithuto tse ngata tse qotsitsoeng ho tloha Nex and Remondino (2014) li ile tsa hlahloba boemo ba bonono ba li-UAV bakeng sa ho hapa, ho sebetsa le ho hlahloba litšoantšo tsa lefats'e.
Mosebetsi oa bona o boetse o fana ka kakaretso ea liforomo tse 'maloa tsa UAV, lits'ebetso, le linyeoe tsa ts'ebeliso, tse bonts'ang tsoelopele e ncha ea ho sebetsana le litšoantšo tsa UAV. Temong, lihoai li ne li ka sebelisa li-UAV ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng tsa ho boloka litšenyehelo le nako, ho fumana tlaleho e potlakileng le e nepahetseng ea ts'enyehelo, le ho lebella mathata a ka bang teng. Ho fapana le li-platform tse tloaelehileng tsa lifofane, li-UAV li ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho fihlella libakeng tse thata ha li ntse li boloka bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho nepahala. Pampiri ea bona e akaretsa melemo e fapaneng ea li-UAV, haholo mabapi le ho nepahala le tharollo.
Har'a likhatiso tse leshome le metso e meraro tse boletsoeng ka ho fetesisa lipakeng tsa 2011 le 2021, re hlokometse ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho hoholo lipatlisisong tse amanang le lits'ebetso tsa drone mesebetsing ea litšoantšo (Bendig et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2017; Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014) , temo e nepahetseng (Candiago et al., 2015; Honkavaara et al., 2013a), precision viticulture (Matese et al., 2015), tlhahlobo ea khatello ea metsi (Gago et al., 2015), le ho hlahloba limela (Aasen et al. , 2015a). Lilemong tsa pele, bafuputsi ba tsepamisitse maikutlo
ho feta mabapi le ho theha litsamaiso tsa temo tse theko e tlase, tse bobebe, le tse nepahetseng tsa UAV; lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo litlhahlobong tsa likopo tsa UAV bakeng sa temo le tlhahlobo ea masimo. Ka bokhuts'oane, tlhahlobo ena e senola hore likhatiso tse nang le tšusumetso hangata li fane ka litlhahlobo tsa liphuputso tsa pele ho lekola maemo a hajoale a mahlale le thekenoloji a UAVs le mekhoa e ntlafetseng ea UAV ho tšehetsa temo e nepahetseng. Hoa thahasellisa hore ebe ha rea ka ra fumana liphuputso tse neng li sebelisa matla
mekhoa ea mekhoa kapa lithuto tse hlalosang, tse etsang lekhalo le leholo la tsebo 'me li hloka hore ho etsoe lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng mabapi le sehlooho sena.
Tlhahlobo ea kopanelo
Go ya ka Gmür (2006), tshekatsheko ya dikamano e supa dikgatiso tse di tshwanang e bo e di kopanya. Tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea sehlopha e ka senola karolo e tšoanang ea lipatlisiso har'a lingoliloeng. Re batlisisa ka kopanelo ea lingoliloeng tse mabapi le li-drones tsa temo ho bontša libaka tse amanang le tsona le ho bona mekhoa ea bohlale ea lingoliloeng. Mabapi le hona, Small (1973) o khothalelitse ts'ebeliso ea tlhahlobo ea cocitation ho ithuta lipatlisiso tse nang le tšusumetso e matla le ea semina.
ka hare ho taeo. Ho fokotsa sete ho lingoloa tse ngata haholo (Goyal & Kumar, 2021), re behile moeli oa qotso ea 25, ho bolelang hore lingoloa tse peli li tlameha ebe li boletsoe hammoho lethathamong la litšupiso tsa likhatiso tse 25 kapa ho feta tse fapaneng. Ho kopanya ho ile ha boela ha etsoa ka bonyane ba boholo ba sehlopha sa 1 'me ho se na mokhoa leha e le ofe oa ho kopanya lihlopha tse nyenyane le tse kholoanyane. Ka lebaka leo, lihlopha tse tšeletseng li ile tsa hlahisoa ho latela ho tšoana ha lithuto le sebopeho sa bona sa kelello. Lethathamo la 6 le bontša kabo ea lingoliloeng sehlopheng ka seng.
Sehlopha sa 1: Sehlopha sena se na le litokomane tse leshome le metso e robeli tse hatisitsoeng ka mor'a hore Lingoliloeng tse sehlopheng sena li buisane ka karolo ea li-drones ho ts'ehetsa tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, taolo ea lijalo le taolo ea lehola. Ka mohlala, Manfreda et al. (2018) fana ka kakaretso ea lipatlisiso tsa hajoale le ts'ebetsong ea UAV ho lekola tikoloho ea temo ea tlhaho mme e pheha khang ea hore theknoloji e fana ka monyetla o moholo oa ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ea tikoloho le ho fokotsa haholo.
lekhalo le teng lipakeng tsa tebello ea tšimo le moea o tloaelehileng le sepakapakeng se remoutu. Sena se ka etsoa ka ho fana ka bokhoni bo bocha ba ntlafatso ea nakoana le temohisiso ea sebaka libakeng tse kholo ka mokhoa o fumanehang. Li-UAV li ka lula li lemoha tikoloho 'me li romela lintlha tse hlahisoang ho mekhatlo e bohlale, e bohareng / e ikemetseng e laolang li-sensor ho lemoha mathata a ka bang teng, a kang ho hloka lefu kapa ho lemoha metsi (Padua ´ et al., 2017). Adao ˜ et al. (2017) e fana ka maikutlo a hore li-UAV li loketse ho lekola maemo a limela ka ho nka palo e kholo ea data e tala e amanang le boemo ba metsi, khakanyo ea biomass, le tlhahlobo ea matla. Li-sensor tse kentsoeng ka UAV le tsona li ka romelloa ka potlako maemong a nepahetseng a tikoloho ho lumella ho ts'oaroa ka nako ha data ea hole-hole (Von Bueren et al., 2015). Ka li-UAVs, lihoai li khona ho etsa mesebetsi ea temo ea ka tlung ka ho fumana litekanyo sebakeng se seng le se seng sa libaka tse tharo tsa temo ea kahare (mohlala, li-greenhouses), ka ho etsa joalo ba netefatsa taolo ea boemo ba leholimo ba lehae le tlhokomelo ea limela (Roldan ´ et al. ., 2015). Boemong ba ho nepahala
temo, liqeto tsa taolo ea lijalo li hloka lintlha tse nepahetseng, tse tšepahalang tsa lijalo tse nang le tharollo e nepahetseng ea nakoana le sebaka (Gebbers & Adamchuk, 2010; Gevaert et al., 2015; Maes & Steppe, 2019). Ka lebaka lena, Agüera Vega et al. (2015) e sebelisitse UAV-mounted multispectral sensor system ho fumana litšoantšo tsa lijalo tsa soneblomo nakong ea ho hōla. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Huang et al. (2009) hlokomela hore ho lemoha hole ho ipapisitse le li-UAV ho ka thusa ho lekanya lijalo le mobu ho tsoa ho data e bokelletsoeng ea spectral. Verger le ba bang. (2014) e hlahisitse le ho lekola mokhoa oa ho hakanya index ea sebaka se setala (GAI) ho tsoa litekanyong tsa UAV reflectance ts'ebelisong e nepahetseng ea temo, e shebaneng le koro le lijalo tse rekiloeng. Ka hona, li-drones li fana ka menyetla e mecha ea ho khutlisa tlhahisoleseling ea boemo ba lijalo ka tlhahlobo khafetsa le tharollo e phahameng ea sebaka (Dong et al., 2019; Garzonio et al., 2017; H. Zheng et al., 2016).
Ho kopanya likhatiso tse nang le tšusumetso ho li-drones tsa temo.
Sehlopha | Sehlooho se sephara | References |
1 | Tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, lijalo taolo, taolo ya lehola | (Ad ao et al., 2017; Agüera Vega le tse ling, 2015; de Castro et al., 2018; Gomez-Cand ´ on ´ et al., 2014; YB Huang et al., 2013; Khanal et al., 2017; Lopez-Granados, ´ 2011; Manfreda et al., 2018; P' adua et al., 2017; Pena ˜ et al., 2013; Perez-Ortiz le tse ling, 2015; Rasmussen et al., 2013, 2016; Torres-S' anchez et al., 2014; Torres-Sanchez, ´ Lopez-Granados, ' & Pena, ˜ 2015; Verger et al., 2014; Von Bueren et al., 2015; C. Zhang & Kovacs, 2012) |
2 | Remote phenotyping, chai khakanyo, mohlala oa sebaka sa lijalo, palo ea limela | (Bendig et al., 2013, 2014; Geipel le tse ling, 2014; Gnadinger ¨ & Schmidhalter, 2017; Haghighattalab le tse ling, 2016; Holman et al., 2016; Jin le tse ling, 2017; W. Li et al., 2016; Maimaitijiang et al., 2017; Sankaran le tse ling, 2015; Schirrmann et al., 2016; Shi et al., 2016; Yue et al., 2017; X. Zhou et al., 2017) |
3 | Setšoantšo sa mocheso bakeng sa metsi, litšoantšo tse ngata | (Baluja et al., 2012; Berni et al., 2009b; Berni et al., 2009a; Candiago le tse ling, 2015; Gago et al., 2015; Gonzalez-Dugo et al., 2013, 2014; Grenzdorffer ¨ et al., 2008; Khaliq le tse ling, 2019; Matese et al., 2015; Ribeiro-Gomes et al., 2017; Santesteban et al., 2017; Uto et al., 2013) |
4 | Litšoantšo tsa hypersectral, spectral monahano | (Aasen et al., 2015a; Bareth et al., 2015; Hakala et al., 2013; Honkavaara et al., 2013a; Lucieer le tse ling, 2014; Saari et al., 2011; Suomalainen et al., 2014) |
5 | Lisebelisoa tsa 3D-Mapping | (Jimenez-Brenes et al., 2017; Nex & Remondino, 2014; Salamí et al., 2014; Torres-S' anchez, Lopez- ´ Granados, Serrano, et al., 2015; Zahawi et al., 2015; Zarco-Tejada le al., 2014) |
6 | Tekolo ea temo | (SR Herwitz et al., 2004; Hunt le tse ling, 2010; CCD Lelong et al., 2008; Primicerio et al., 2012; Xiang & Tian, 2011) |
Ho feta moo, li-drones li na le thuso bakeng sa mesebetsi e thata ea temo, ho kenyelletsa le 'mapa oa lehola. Litšoantšo tse nkiloeng ke lisebelisoa li bontšitse hore li na le thuso bakeng sa ho lemoha mofoka pele ho nako masimong (de Castro et al., 2018; Ji'enez-Brenes et al., 2017; Lam et al., 2021; Lopez-Granados ´ et al., 2016; Rozenberg et al., 2021). Tabeng ena, de Castro et al. (2018) e tiisa hore ho kopanngoa ha litšoantšo tsa UAV le Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) ho nolofalelitse lingaka ho hlola taba ea ho lemoha kapele lijalong tsa makhulo a nako ea selemo, e leng mohato o moholo oa ho ea pele lipatlisisong tsa lehola. Ka ho tšoanang, Pena ˜ et al. (2013) e bontša hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa ultra-high Spatial resolution ho tloha UAV hammoho le mokhoa oa OBIA o etsa hore ho khonehe ho hlahisa limmapa tsa mofoka lijalong tsa pele tsa poone tse ka sebelisoang ho rala ts'ebetsong ea mehato ea ho laola lehola nakong ea selemo, mosebetsi o fetang bokgoni ba sathelaete le ditshoantsho tsa setso tsa moyeng. Ha ho bapisoa le lihlopha tsa litšoantšo kapa mekhoa ea ho lemoha lintho, mekhoa ea ho arola semantic e sebetsa haholoanyane mesebetsing ea 'mapa oa lehola (J. Deng et al., 2020), kahoo e thusa lihoai ho lemoha maemo a masimo, ho fokotsa tahlehelo, le ho ntlafatsa chai nakong eohle ea ho hōla (Ramesh le tse ling, 2020). Karohano e tebileng e thehiloeng ho semantic e ka fana ka tekanyo e nepahetseng ea sekoaelo sa limela ho tsoa litšoantšong tse phahameng tsa boemo bo holimo (Ramesh et al., 2020; A. Zheng et al., 2022). Ho sa tsotellehe bokhoni ba bona ba ho ba hōle
ho lemoha sebopeho sa pixel, mekhoa ea ho arola semantic e hloka khomphutha e kholo le mohopolo o phahameng oa GPU (J. Deng et al., 2020).
E ipapisitse le ho ithuta ka mochini le UAV, Perez-Ortiz et al. (2015) o ile a fana ka maikutlo a mokhoa oa ho etsa 'mapa oa lehola ho fana ka maano a ho laola mofoka sebakeng se itseng ha lihoai li amohela taolo ea pele ea lehola. Qetellong, Rasmussen et al. (2013) e totobalitse hore li-drones li fana ka maikutlo a theko e tlaase ka ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a sebaka. Ka kakaretso, likhatiso tsa sehlopha sena li shebana le ho lekola bokhoni ba li-UAV ho ts'ehetsa ponelo-pele ea hole, ho lekola lijalo, le ho etsa 'mapa oa lehola. Ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ling tse tebileng ho tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hore na lits'ebetso tsa drone ho lekola tikoloho, taolo ea lijalo le 'mapa oa lehola li ka fihlela temo e tsitsitseng haholoanyane (Chamuah & Singh, 2019; Islam et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; J. . Su, Liu, et al., 2018) le ho rarolla litaba tsa puso ea theknoloji ena lits'ebetsong tsa inshorense ea lijalo (Basnet & Bang, 2018; Chamuah & Singh, 2019, 2022; Meinen & Robinson, 2021). Bafuputsi ba lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho netefatseng litekanyo tse bokelletsoeng tsa UAV ka mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho sebetsa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba data bo sebetsitsoeng (Manfreda et al., 2018). Ho feta moo, nts'etsopele ea li-algorithms tse nepahetseng tse hlokomelang lipikselse tse bonts'ang mofoka litšoantšong tsa dijithale le ho tlosa maemo a sa sebetseng nakong ea 'mapa oa lehola oa UAV oa hlokahala (Ga ˇsparovi′c et al., 2020; Hamylton et al., 2020; H. Huang et al. , 2018, 2020; Lopez- ´ Granados et al., 2016). Lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le ho amoheloa ha mekhoa ea likarolo tsa semantic temohong ea limela, ho hlophisoa ha makhasi le 'mapa oa mafu lia amoheleha (Fuentes-Pacheco et al., 2019; Kerkech et al., 2020).
Cluster 2. Lingoliloeng sehlopheng sena li ne li shebane le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa li-drones tsa temo. E amanang le phenotyping e hole, Sankaran et al. (2015) e ile ea hlahloba bokhoni ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa lifofane tse tlaase, tse phahameng, tse nang le li-UAV bakeng sa phenotyping e potlakileng ea lijalo tšimong, 'me ba pheha khang ea hore, ha ho bapisoa le liforomo tsa ho lemoha tse thehiloeng fatše, li-UAV tse nyenyane tse nang le li-sensor tse lekaneng li fana ka melemo e mengata. , joalo ka phihlello e bonolo tšimong, data ea qeto e phahameng, pokello ea data e sebetsang hantle,
litlhahlobo tse potlakileng tsa maemo a kholo ea tšimo, le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso. Leha ho le joalo, bangoli ba boetse ba hlokomela hore ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea UAV bakeng sa phenotyping ea tšimo e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse peli tsa motheo, e leng, likarolo tsa UAV (mohlala, ts'ireletso, botsitso, boemo, boipuso) le litšobotsi tsa sensor (mohlala, qeto, boima ba 'mele, spectral wavelengths, tšimo. pono). Haghighattalab et al. (2016) e sisintse phaephe ea ho lokisa litšoantšo e ikemetseng ho khutlisa data ea boemo ba morero ho tsoa litšoantšong tsa UAV le ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa. Holman le ba bang. (2016) e hlahisitse boemo bo phahameng
throughput field phenotyping system mme e totobalitse hore UAV e khona ho bokella data ea phenotypic ea boleng, voluminous, e thehiloeng tšimong, le hore sesebelisoa se sebetsa hantle libakeng tse kholo le libakeng tse fapaneng tsa masimo.
Kaha khakanyo ea lihlahisoa ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea tlhahisoleseling, haholo ha e fumaneha ka nako, ho na le monyetla oa hore li-UAV li fane ka litekanyo tsohle tsa masimo le ho fumana lintlha tsa boleng bo holimo ka nepo (Daakir et al., 2017; Demir et al., 2018) ; Enciso et al., 2019; Kulbacki et al., 2018; Tabeng ena, Jin et al. (2012) e ile ea sebelisa monyetla oa setšoantšo se phahameng se fumanoeng ke li-UAV sebakeng se tlaase haholo ho hlahisa le ho hlahloba mokhoa oa ho lekanya boima ba semela sa koro sethaleng sa ho hlaha. Ho ea ka bangoli, li-UAV li hlōla mefokolo ea litsamaiso tsa rover tse nang le lik'hamera 'me li emela mokhoa o sa hlaselehang oa ho lekanya hore limela li le ngata hakae lijalong, e leng se lumellang lihoai hore li finyelle tlhahiso e phahameng e hlokahalang bakeng sa phenotyping ea tšimo ntle le ho tsamaea ha mobu. Li et al. (2017) e ile ea bokella litšoantšo tse makholo tsa stereo tse nang le qeto e phahameng ka ho fetesisa li sebelisa sistimi e thehiloeng ho UAV ho hakanya liparamente tsa poone, ho kenyeletsoa bophahamo ba moqhaka le biomass e kaholimo ho lefatše. Qetellong, Yue et al. (2016) e fumane hore bolelele ba lijalo bo lekantsoeng ho tsoa ho li-UAV bo ka ntlafatsa khakanyo ea biomass e kaholimo ho lefatše (AGB).
Mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo kholo ea lijalo ke mohopolo oa ho nts'etsapele mefuta ea lijalo (Bendig et al., 2014, 2015; Holman et al., 2016; Panday, Shrestha, et al., 2020; Sumesh et al., 2021). Lithuto tse 'maloa li totobalitse ho khoneha ha litšoantšo tse nkiloeng ho UAV ho hapa bolelele ba limela le ho hlokomela kholo ea tsona. Ka mohlala, Bendig et al. (2013) e hlalositse nts'etsopele ea mefuta e mengata ea sebaka sa lijalo tsa nakoana tse nang le qeto e phahameng haholo e ka tlase ho 0.05 m ho sebelisoa UAV. Ba ne ba ikemiselitse ho bona lijalo
phapang ea kholo le ho its'etleha ho kalafo ea lijalo, khalthiba, le khatello ea maikutlo. Bendig et al. (2014) e sebelisitse li-UAV ho hakanya biomass e ncha le e omeletseng ho latela bophahamo ba semela bo nkiloeng mefuteng ea sebaka sa lijalo mme ba fumana hore, ho fapana le sethala sa moea le terrestrial laser scanning, litšoantšo tse phahameng tse tsoang ho li-UAV li ka eketsa ho nepahala ha mohlala oa bolelele ba semela bakeng sa kholo e fapaneng. mekhahlelo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Geipel et al. (2014) ba sebelisitse li-UAV lipatlisisong tsa bona ho fumana litšoantšo
li-datasets tsa poho ea poho ea poone ea poone ka mekhahlelo e meraro e fapaneng ea kholo ho tloha qalong ho isa bohareng ba sehla, 'me a etsa qeto ea hore motsoako oa spectral le sebaka se ipapisitseng le litšoantšo tsa sefofane le mefuta ea bokaholimo ba lijalo ke mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho lepa kotulo ea poone ea bohareng ba sehla. Qetellong, Gnadinger ¨ and Schmidhalter (2017) ba ile ba hlahloba tšebeliso ea UAV ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa phenotyping 'me ba totobatsa hore tšebeliso ea thekenoloji ena e ka ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea polasi le ho nolofalletsa liteko tsa masimo bakeng sa ho ikatisa le merero ea agronomic. Ka kakaretso, re hlokometse hore likhatiso tse ho cluster 2 li shebana le melemo ea mantlha ea li-UAV tse hole.
phenotyping, khakanyo ea chai, mohlala oa sebaka sa lijalo, le ho bala limela. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li ka cheka ho teba ka ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e mecha ea phenotyping e hole e ka iketsetsang le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea data e lemohuoang hole (Barabaschi et al., 2016; Liebisch et al., 2015; Mochida et al., 2015; S. Zhou et al. ., 2021). Ntle le moo, ts'ebetso ea li-sensor tsa IoT tse kentsoeng li-UAV le khoebo lipakeng tsa litšenyehelo tsa tsona, basebetsi, le ho nepahala ha likhakanyo tsa chai li hloka ho etsoa lipatlisiso
bokamoso (Ju & Son, 2018a, 2018b; Xie & Yang, 2020; Yue et al., 2018). Qetellong, ho hlokahala ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho lokisa litšoantšo e ka hlahisang tlhahisoleseling e tšepahalang, ea eketsa katleho tlhahisong ea temo, le ho fokotsa mosebetsi oa ho bala oa lihoai (RU Khan et al., 2021; Koh et al., 2021; Lin & Guo, 2020; C. Zhang et al., 2020).
Sehlopha sa 3. Lingoliloeng tse sehlopheng sena li bua ka mefuta e fapaneng ea litsamaiso tsa litšoantšo bakeng sa temoho e hole ea lisebelisoa tsa temo tse sebelisoang sethaleng sa UAV. Ntlheng ena, litšoantšo tse futhumetseng li lumella ho lekola mocheso holim'a metsi ho thibela tšenyo ea lijalo le ho bona khatello ea komello kapele (Awais et al., 2022; García-Tejero et al., 2018; Sankaran et al., 2015; Santesteban et al., 2017; Yeom, 2021). Baluja et al. (2012) o ile a tiisa hore ts'ebeliso ea lik'hamera tse fapaneng le tse futhumatsang ka har'a sekepe
UAV e thusitse bafuputsi ho fumana litšoantšo tse phahameng le ho lekola boemo ba metsi a morara. Sena se ka ba molemo ho nts'etsapele mefuta e mecha ea kemiso ea metsi e sebelisang data e holehang (Baluja et al., 2012). Ka lebaka la
matla a fokolang a li-UAV, Ribeiro-Gomes et al. (2017) e ile ea nahana ka ho kopanngoa ha lik'hamera tsa mocheso tse sa pholileng ho UAVS ho fumana khatello ea metsi ka har'a limela, e leng se etsang hore mofuta ona oa li-UAV o sebetse hantle le o sebetsang ho feta mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa satellite-based sensing le li-UAV tse nang le lik'hamera tse futhumetseng tse futhumetseng. Ho ea ka bangoli, lik'hamera tsa mocheso tse sa pholileng li bobebe ho feta lik'hamera tse pholileng, tse hlokang ho lekanyetsoa ho loketseng. Gonzalez-Dugo et al. (2014) e bonts'itse hore litšoantšo tse futhumetseng li hlahisa limmapa tsa sebaka sa maemo a khatello ea metsi a lijalo bakeng sa ho lekola boemo ba metsi le ho lekanya khatello ea metsi har'a le ka har'a lirapa tsa litholoana tsa citrus. Gonzalez-Dugo et al. (2013) le Santesteban et al. (2017) e ile ea etsa lipatlisiso ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse futhumetseng tsa UAV tsa boemo bo holimo ho hakanya ho fetoha ha maemo a metsi a serapa sa lifate sa khoebo le serapa sa morara.
Litšoantšo tse ngata li ka fana ka lintlha tse ngata ha li bapisoa le litšoantšo tsa setso tsa RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) (Ad˜ ao et al., 2017; Navia et al., 2016). Lintlha tsena tsa spectral, hammoho le lintlha tsa sebaka, li ka thusa ho arola, ho etsa 'mapa, ho bolela esale pele, ho bolela esale pele le merero ea ho lemoha (Berni et al., 2009b). Ho ea ka Candiago et al. (2015), litšoantšo tsa UAV tse thehiloeng ho multispectral li ka kenya letsoho haholo tlhahlobong ea lijalo le temo e nepahetseng e le sesebelisoa se tšepahalang le se sebetsang hantle. Hape,
Khaliq et al. (2019) e entse papiso lipakeng tsa satellite le UAV based imaging multispectral. Lits'oants'o tse thehiloeng ho UAV li ile tsa fella ka ho nepahala ha ho hlalosoa ho fapana ha serapa sa morara hammoho le limmapa tse matla bakeng sa ho emela li-canopies tsa lijalo. Ka bokhuts'oane, lingoloa sehlopheng sena li bua ka ho kenyeletsoa ha li-sensonsa tsa litšoantšo tse futhumatsang le tse ngata ho li-UAV tsa temo. Ka hona, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ho utloisisa hore na litšoantšo tse futhumetseng le tse ngata li ka kopanngoa joang le AI
mekhoa (mohlala, ho ithuta ka botebo) ho lemoha khatello ea limela (Ampatzidis et al., 2020; Ampatzidis & Partel, 2019; Jung et al., 2021; Santesteban et al., 2017; Syeda et al., 2021). Litlhaloso tse joalo li tla thusa ho netefatsa hore ho na le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le e nepahetseng hammoho le ho lekola kholo ea limela, khatello ea maikutlo le phenology (Buters et al., 2019; Cao et al., 2020; Neupane & BaysalGurel, 2021; L. Zhou et al., 2020).
Sehlopha sa 4. Sehlopha sena se na le lipampiri tse supileng tse potolohang karolo ea bohlokoa ea litšoantšo tsa spectral le hyperspectral imaging ho ts'ehetsa mekhoa ea temo. Ho nahana ka hyperspectral ho iketsetse e le mokhoa oa ho lemoha ka thōko o nolofalletsang tlhahlobo ea bongata ba tsamaiso ea lefats'e (Schaepman et al., 2009) . Ho nepahala haholoanyane, e nolofalletsa ho tsebahatsa lisebelisoa tsa holim'a metsi, quantification ea (matsoalo) a mangata, le kabelo ya dikarolo tsa bokahodimo
ka har'a lipikselse tse tsoakiloeng (Kirsch et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2022). Ka mantsoe a mang, qeto e phahameng ea spectral e fanoeng ke litsamaiso tsa hyperspectral e etsa hore ho be le likhakanyo tse nepahetseng haholoanyane tsa mekhahlelo e fapaneng, joalo ka thepa ea meroho kapa metsi a makhasi (Suomalainen et al., 2014). Bafuputsi sehlopheng sena ba ile ba batlisisa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa litsamaiso tse joalo. Har'a ba bang, Aasen et al. (2015b) e fane ka mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho fumana lintlha tse tharo tsa hyperspectral ho tloha ho bobebe.
Lik'hamera tsa snapshot tse sebelisoang ho li-UAV bakeng sa ho lekola limela. Lucieer le ba bang. (2014) e buisane ka moralo, nts'etsopele, le ts'ebetso ea sefofane ea "hyperspectral UAS" e ncha hammoho le ho lekanya, tlhahlobo le tlhaloso ea data ea setšoantšo e bokelletsoeng le eona. Qetellong, Honkavaara et al. (2013b) e hlahisitse mokhoa o felletseng oa ts'ebetso bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa spectral tse thehiloeng ho FabryPerot interferometer mme e bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea eona ts'ebetsong ea khakanyo ea biomass bakeng sa temo e nepahetseng. Litsela tse ka bang teng nakong e tlang bakeng sa sehlopha sena sa hajoale li kenyelletsa ho totobatsa tlhoko ea ntlafatso ea tekheniki ho mahlale a sensor (Aasen et al., 2015b) hammoho le tlhoko ea ho kenyelletsa le ho ntlafatsa mahlale a tlatsetso, lintlha tse kholo le analytics (Ang & Seng, 2021; Radoglou -Grammatikis et al., 2020; Shakoor et al., 2019). Taba ea morao-rao e tsoa haholo ho data e ntseng e hola e hlahisoang ke li-sensor tse fapaneng tse kentsoeng ts'ebetsong temong e bohlale (C. Li & Niu, 2020; A. Rejeb et al., 2022; Y. Su & Wang, 2021).
Cluster 5. Lingoliloeng tse sehlopheng sena li ile tsa hlahloba lits'ebetso tsa 3Dmapping tse thehiloeng ho li-drones. Ho sebelisa li-drones bakeng sa 'mapa oa 3D ho ka fokotsa mosebetsi o rarahaneng oa tšimo le ho eketsa katleho e kholo (Torres-Sanchez ´ et al., 2015). Lingoliloeng tse hlano sehlopheng sena li ne li shebane haholo le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahlobo ea limela. Mohlala, ho fumana lintlha tse tharo tse mabapi le sebaka sa canopy, bophahamo ba sefate, le bophahamo ba moqhaka, Torres-Sanchez ´ et al. (2015) e sebelisitse thekenoloji ea UAV ho hlahisa mehlala ea holimo ea digital le mekhoa ea ho hlahloba litšoantšo (OBIA). Ho feta moo, Zarco-Tejada et al. (2014) bolelele ba sefate bo lekantsoeng ka ho kopanya theknoloji ea UAV le mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa lifoto tse tharo-dimensional. Jimenez-Brenes Lopez-Granados, ´ De Castro, et al. (2017) e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e ncha ea ho lekola nako e ngata, ea 3D ea lifate tsa mohloaare tse ngata ka ho kopanya theknoloji ea UAV le mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa OBIA. Litsela tse khahlisang tsa mesebetsi ea nako e tlang sehlopheng sena li kenyelletsa ho ntlafatsa hona joale
mekhoa (Zarco-Tejada et al., 2014) molemong oa ho etsa mohlala oa sebaka sa dijithale (Ajayi et al., 2017; Jaud et al., 2016), joalo ka OBIA (de Castro et al., 2018, 2020; Ventura et al., 2018). , 2015), le ho aha bocha lifoto kapa ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea lipale (Díaz-Varela et al., 2015; Torres-S'anchez et al., XNUMX).
Cluster 6. Sehlopha sena se tšohla karolo ea li-drones boithutong ba temo. Li-UAV li ka tlatselletsa le ho hlola mefokolo ea litšoantšo tsa satellite le lifofane. Ka mohlala, ba ka fana ka tharollo e phahameng haufi le ho nka litšoantšo ka nako ea sebele ka liphephetso tse fokolang tsa mafura kapa tsa ho khanna, tse bakang tlhokomelo ea kamehla le ea nako ea sebele le ntlafatso ea ho etsa liqeto (S. Herwitz et al., 2004). Tlatsetso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea li-UAV ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fana ka lintlha tse tobileng tsa sebaka sa temo bakeng sa temo e nepahetseng kapa temo e ikhethileng e le tharollo ea bona e phahameng, lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le mekhahlelo e fapaneng li thusa lihoai ho arola naha ka likarolo tse tšoanang le ho li tšoara ka nepo (Hunt et al. , 2010; CC Lelong et al., 2008; Tekolo e joalo ea temo e thehiloeng ho UAV e ka ts'ehetsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ireletso ea lijo le ho etsa liqeto (SR Herwitz et al., 2012). Ho nts'etsapele lipatlisiso tsa tlhahlobo ea temo, ha se feela ntlafatso ea li-sensor, li-UAV, le mahlale a mang a amanang le ona le mekhoa ea bona ea puisano le data e hlokahalang (Ewing et al., 2004; Shuai et al., 2020), empa hape le ho kopanya li-drones tse fapaneng. mahlale a ho ntlafatsa mesebetsi e fapaneng mabapi le temo e bohlale, joalo ka ho lekola, ho lebela temo, le ho etsa liqeto, ke sebaka se phahameng se nang le monyetla oa ho etsa lipatlisiso (Alsamhi et al., 2019; Popescu et al., 2021; Vuran et al., 2020). Ntlheng ena, IoT, WSNs, le data e kholo li fana ka bokhoni bo khahlisang ba tlatsetso (van der Merwe et al., 2018). Litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetsong, ho boloka litšenyehelo, ts'ebetso ea matla, le ts'ireletso ea data ke tse ling tsa libaka tse sa batlisisitsoeng bakeng sa kopanyo e joalo (Masroor et al., 2020).
Linaha le litsi tsa thuto
Mohato oa ho qetela o ne o kenyelletsa lipatlisiso tsa naha eo ba tsoaletsoeng ho eona le mekhatlo ea bangoli ea thuto. Ka tlhahlobo ena, re ikemiselitse ho utloisisa hamolemo ho ajoa ha libaka tsa litsebi tse kenyang letsoho ts'ebelisong ea li-drones temong. Hoa hlokomeleha ho hlokomela mefuta-futa ea linaha le litsi tsa thuto. Ho ea ka pono ea naha, USA, China, India, le Italy li maemong a holimo lethathamong ho latela palo ea likhatiso (Letlapa la 7). Ea hajoale
liphuputso mabapi le li-drones tsa temo li shebane haholo le linaha tsa Amerika Leboea le Asia, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho itšunya-tšunya haholo likopong tse nepahetseng tsa temo. Mohlala, USA, 'maraka oa li-drones tsa temo o hakantsoe ho $841.9 milione ka selemo sa 2020, e leng karolo ea 30% ea karolo ea mmaraka ea lefats'e (ReportLinker, 2021). E behiloe boemong ba moruo o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ho boleloa esale pele hore China e tla fihla boholo ba 'maraka bo ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2.6 ka selemo sa 2027. Naha ena e etsa boipiletso bakeng sa li-drones tsa temo ho hlola litaba tsa tlhahiso le ho fumana chai e ntle, phokotso ea mesebetsi, le lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa tlhahiso. Leha ho le joalo, ho amoheloa ha thekenoloji Chaena ho boetse ho susumetsoa ke lintlha tse kang boholo ba baahi le tlhokahalo ea ho qapa le ho ntlafatsa mekhoa e teng ea tsamaiso ea lijalo.
Linaha tse holimo tse hlahisang litholoana le liunivesithi / mekhatlo e kenyang letsoho ho
lipatlisiso tse amanang le lifofane tsa temo.
boemo bo | Countries |
1 | usa |
2 | China |
3 | India |
4 | Italy |
5 | Spain |
6 | Duitsland |
7 | Brazil |
8 | Australia |
9 | Japan |
10 | united kingdom |
boemo bo | Liunivesithi/ Mekhatlo |
1 | Chinese Academy ea Saense |
2 | Lekala la Temo la People's Republic of China |
3 | Lekhotla le Phahameng la Lipatlisiso tsa Saense |
4 | Univesithi ea A & M ea Texas |
5 | Univesithi ea Temo ea Chaena |
6 | Tšebeletso ea Lipatlisiso tsa Temo ea USDA |
7 | CSIC – Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible IAS |
8 | Univesithi ea Purdue |
9 | Lekhotla la Naha la Lipatlisiso |
10 | Yunivesithi ea Temo ea China China |
Ho latela pono ea univesithi le ea tlhophiso, Sekolo sa Mahlale sa China se holimo lethathamong ho latela palo ea likhatiso, e lateloe ke Lekala la Temo la People's Republic of China le Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Sechaena Academy of Sciences se emeloa ke bangoli Liao Xiaohan le Li Jun; Han Wenting o emetse Lekala la Temo la People's Republic of China; le Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas e emetsoe ke Lopez-Granados, ´ F. le Pena, ˜ Jose María S. Ho tsoa USA, liunivesithi tse kang Texas A&M University le Purdue University li fumana
bolela. Liunivesithi tse nang le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea likhatiso le likhokahano tsa tsona li bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 4. Ho phaella moo, lethathamo lena le kenyelletsa litsi tse kang Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche le Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas tse sebetsang ka mafolofolo lipatlisisong tsa saense, empa e se litsi tsa thuto. .
Khetho ea rona e ne e kenyelletsa likoranta tse fapaneng tse fapaneng, tse kenyelletsang hoo e batlang e le lintlha tsohle tse fumanehang. Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 8, Remote Sensing e nang le lingoliloeng tse 258 e maemong a holimo, e lateloe ke Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications with 126 and Electronics and Electronics in Agriculture with 98 articles. Le ha Remote Sensing e shebane haholo le ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea li-drones, Likhomphutha le Electronics ho Temo li akaretsa haholo tsoelo-pele ea lisebelisoa tsa khomphutha, software, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsamaiso ea temo. Libaka tse fapa-fapaneng, tse kang IEEE Robotics le Automation Letters tse nang le likhatiso tse 87 le IEEE Access ka likhatiso tse 34, le tsona ke libaka tse ka sehloohong tšimong. Litsi tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse holimo li kentse letsoho ho lingoliloeng tse nang le litokomane tsa 959, tse ka bang 20.40% ea likhatiso tsohle. Tlhahlobo ea co-citation ea koranta e re thusa ho hlahloba bohlokoa le ho tšoana lipakeng tsa lingoliloeng. Tshekatsheko ya kopanelo e hlahisa dihlopha tse tharo, jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe ho Setšoantšo sa 5. Sehlopha se sefubelu se na le likoranta tse kang Remote Sensing, Computer le Electronics in Agriculture, Sensors,
le International Journal of Remote Sensing. Litsi tsena kaofela ke likoranta tse nang le botumo bo botle libakeng tsa temo e hole le temo e nepahetseng. Sehlopha se setala se na le likoranta tse sebetsanang le liroboto, tse kang Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, IEEE Access, le Drones. Litsi tsena hangata li hatisa lipampiri tse mabapi le li-automation 'me li na le thuso ho lienjineri tsa temo. Sehlopha sa ho qetela se thehiloe ke likoranta tse amanang le thuto ea temo le boenjiniere ba temo, joalo ka Agronomy le International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.
Likoranta tse 15 tse holimo lipatlisisong tse amanang le li-drone tsa temo.
boemo bo | Journal | Baloa |
1 | Ho lemoha hole | 258 |
2 | Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Khopolo le dikopo | 126 |
3 | Lik'homphieutha le Electronics ho Temo | 98 |
4 | IEEE Liroboto le Litlhaku tsa Boiketsetso | 87 |
5 | e hlahlobang | 73 |
6 | International Journal of Remote Sensing | 42 |
7 | Temo e nepahetseng | 41 |
8 | Drones | 40 |
9 | Agronomy | 34 |
10 | IEEE Access | 34 |
11 | International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems | 31 |
12 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering | 25 |
13 | PLoS ONE | 25 |
14 | Journal of Field Robotics | 23 |
15 | Mekhoa ea Boenjiniere | 23 |
fihlela qeto e
Summary
Thutong ena, re akarelitse le ho sekaseka liphuputso tse seng li ntse li le teng mabapi le li-drones tsa temo. Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea li-bibliometric, re ile ra ikitlaelletsa ho fumana kutloisiso e betere ea sebopeho sa bohlale sa lipatlisiso tse amanang le li-drone tsa temo. Ka kakaretso, tlhahlobo ea rona e fana ka litlatsetso tse 'maloa ka ho tsebahatsa le ho buisana ka mantsoe a bohlokoa libukeng, ho senola lihlopha tsa tsebo ha re ntse re theha sechaba se ts'oanang se ts'oanang lefapheng la li-drones, ho hlalosa lipatlisiso tsa pejana, le ho fana ka maikutlo a tataiso ea nakong e tlang. Ka tlase, re hlakisa liphetho tsa mantlha tsa tlhahlobo mabapi le nts'etsopele ea li-drones tsa temo:
• Lingoliloeng ka kakaretso li hotse ka potlako 'me li hohetse tlhokomelo e kholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke ho phahama ha palo ea lingoloa kamora 2012. Leha karolo ena ea tsebo e ntse e tla fihlela kholo ea eona e felletseng (Barrientos et al., 2011; Maes & Steppe, 2019), lipotso tse 'maloa li ntse li sa arajoa. Mohlala, tšebeliso ea li-drones temong ea ka tlung e ntse e bulehile bakeng sa ngangisano (Aslan et al., 2022; Krul et al., 2021; Rold'an et al., 2015). Ho rarahana ha liketsahalo tsa masimo le maemo a fapaneng a ho nahana (mohlala, meriti le khanya) li ka baka phapang e phahameng ea maemo a holimo (Yao et al., 2019). Le mekhahlelong ea morao-rao ea lipatlisiso, bafuputsi ba ile ba phephetsoa ho tseba merero e nepahetseng ea sefofane ho latela maemo a itseng le boleng bo hlokahalang ba setšoantšo (Soares et al., 2021; Tu et al.,
2020).
• Rea hlokomela hore tšimo e tsoetse pele ho tloha ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e metle ea UAV ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea AI, e kang ho ithuta ka mochine le ho ithuta ka botebo moralong oa li-drones tsa temo (Bah et al., 2018; Kitano et al., 2019; Maimaitijiang et al. , 2020; Mazzia et al., 2020; Tetila et al., 2020).
• Lipatlisiso tse mabapi le li-drones tsa temo li buile haholo ka ho lemoha hole ka ho hlahloba bokhoni ba theknoloji tlhokomelong ea tikoloho, tsamaiso ea lijalo, le tsamaiso ea lehola (sehlopha sa 1) hammoho le phenotyping e hole le khakanyo ea chai (sehlopha sa 2). Sehlopha sa lithuto tse nang le tšusumetso ho li-drones tsa temo li kenyelletsa Austin (2010), Berni et al. (2009) a, Herwitz et al. (2004), Nex and Remondino (2014), le Zhang and Kovacs (2012). Lithuto tsena li thehile motheo oa mohopolo oa lipatlisiso tse amanang le drone maemong a temo.
• Mabapi le mokhoa, re hlokometse hore boholo ba lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ho fihlela joale li ne li entsoe ka mokhoa oa tsamaiso, likhopolo, kapa lithuto tse thehiloeng ho maikutlo (Inoue, 2020; Nex & Remondino, 2014; Perez-Ortiz et al. , 2015; Yao et al., 2019). Re boetse re hlokomela khaello ea mekhoa ea boithuto, ea boleng, le ea boithuto ba linyeoe mosebetsing oa ho batlisisa ka li-drones tsa temo.
• Morao tjena, lihlooho tse amanang le temo e nepahetseng, mekhoa ea AI, viticulture e nepahetseng, le tlhahlobo ea khatello ea metsi li ile tsa lebisa tlhokomelo e kholo (Espinoza et al., 2017; Gomez-Cand ´ on ´ et al., 2016; Matese et al., 2015; Matese & Di Gennaro, 2018, 2021; Z. Zhou et al., 2021). Tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea lihlopha tsa lipatlisiso linakong tse peli tse arohaneng, 1990–2010 le 2011–2021, e senola tsoelo-pele ea sebopeho sa mahlale sa domain. Nako ea ho tloha 1990 ho ea 2010 e ne e le ho hahoa ha maikutlo a bohareng le likhopolo tsa drones, tse totobetseng ho tsoa lipuisanong tsa moralo oa UAV, nts'etsopele le ts'ebetsong. Nakong ea bobeli, sepheo sa lipatlisiso se atoloha lithutong tsa pele, ho etsa boiteko ba ho kopanya linyeoe tsa tšebeliso ea UAV temong. Re boetse re fumane lithuto tse ngata tse buang ka ts'ebeliso ea drone mesebetsing ea litšoantšo le temo e nepahetseng.
boemo bo | Journal | Baloa |
1 | Ho lemoha hole | 258 |
2 | Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Khopolo le | 126 |
dikopo | ||
3 | Lik'homphieutha le Electronics ho Temo | 98 |
4 | IEEE Liroboto le Litlhaku tsa Boiketsetso | 87 |
5 | e hlahlobang | 73 |
6 | International Journal of Remote Sensing | 42 |
7 | Temo e nepahetseng | 41 |
8 | Drones | 40 |
9 | Agronomy | 34 |
10 | IEEE Access | 34 |
11 | International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems | 31 |
12 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering | 25 |
13 | PLoS ONE | 25 |
14 | Journal of Field Robotics | 23 |
15 | Mekhoa ea Boenjiniere | 22 |
boleloang
Tlhahlobo ea rona ea bibliometric e entsoe le ho etsoa re nahanne ka litsebi, lihoai, litsebi tsa temo, baeletsi ba lijalo, le baqapi ba sistimi ea UAV. Ho ea ka tsebo ea bangoli, ena ke e 'ngoe ea litlhahlobo tsa pele tse entseng tlhahlobo e tebileng ea bibliometric.
likopo tsa drone temong. Re entse tlhahlobo e felletseng ea sehlopha sena sa tsebo, ra sebelisa litlhahlobo tsa likhatiso le litlhahlobo tse amanang. Boiteko ba rona ba ho hlalosa sebopeho sa bohlale sa lipatlisiso tsa drone le bona bo fana ka leseli le lecha bakeng sa barutehi. Tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea mantsoe a bohlokoa a sebelisitsoeng ha nako e ntse e feta e senola libaka tse hotspots le libaka tsa lipatlisiso tse shebaneng le lingoliloeng tse amanang le drone. Ho feta moo, re fana ka lethathamo la lithuto tse qotsitsoeng haholo ho tsebahatsa mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso e nang le tšusumetso e matla e phethiloeng tšimong. Khethollo ea lingoloa le mantsoe a bohlokoa ka hona e ka fana ka qaleho e tiileng ea ho utolla mekhoa e mengata ea lithuto tse tlang.
Habohlokoa, re ile ra senola lihlopha tse khethollang mesebetsi e tšoanang le ho hlalosa liphetho. Lithuto tse hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha li thusa ho utloisisa sebopeho sa bohlale sa lipatlisiso tsa UAV. Haholo-holo, re fumane khaello ea lithuto tse batlisisang lintlha tsa ho nkeloa ka lapeng ha li-drones
le litšitiso mesebetsing ea temo (sheba Lethathamo la 9). Bafuputsi ba kamoso ba ka sebetsana le lekhalo lena le ka bang teng ka ho etsa lipatlisiso tse matla tse lekola lintlha tsa ho amoheloa ha li-drones mesebetsing e fapaneng ea temo le maemo a leholimo. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso tse thehiloeng lithutong mabapi le katleho ea li-drones li lokela ho tšehetsoa ka lintlha tsa sebele tse tsoang tšimong. Hape, ho kenyelletsa lihoai le batsamaisi lipatlisisong tsa thuto ho ka ba molemo bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea theory le e sebetsang ea lipatlisiso tsa drone. Hape re khonne ho hloaea bafuputsi ba hlahelletseng le litlatsetso tsa bona, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa hobane tlhokomeliso ea mesebetsi ea morao-rao ea semina e ka fana ka tataiso bakeng sa boiteko ba nako e tlang ba thuto.
Lethathamo 9
Litšitiso tsa ho amohela UAV.
Tšitiso | Tlhaloso |
Tšireletso ea data | Tšireletso ea Cyber ke phephetso e kholo bakeng sa ho kenya ts'ebetsong Litharollo tsa IoT (Masroor et al., 2021). |
Tšebelisano 'moho le nyalano | Litheknoloji tse fapaneng tse kang UAV, WSN, IoT, joalo-joalo. e lokela ho kopanngoa le ho fetisa data e leng eketsa boemo ba ho rarahana (Alsamhi et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; Vuran et al., 2018). |
Litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong | Sena ke ka ho khetheha taba bakeng sa lihoai tse nyenyane le bakeng sa ho kopanya mefuta e fapaneng ea mahlale a morao-rao ( Masroor et al., 2021). |
Tsebo ea mosebetsi le tsebo | Ho hlokahala bafofisi ba lifofane ba nang le litsebo ho sebelisa li-UAV. Hape, ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa e fapaneng mahlale a hloka basebetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo (YB Huang le tse ling, 2013; Tsouros et al., 2019). |
Matla a Enjene le sefofane nako | Drones ha e khone ho sebetsa lihora tse telele le ho koahela libaka tse kholo (Hardin & Hardin, 2010; Laliberte et al., 2007). |
Ho tsitsa, ho tšepahala, le maneuability | Drones ha e tsitsa nakong ea maemo a leholimo a mabe (Hardin & Hardin, 2010; Laliberte et al., 2007). |
Meeli ea ho lefa le boleng ba li-sensor | Drones feela ka jara meroalo e fokolang isang ho bokhoni ba ho kenya li-sensor tsa boleng bo tlase (Nebiker le al., 2008). |
molao oa tsamaiso | Kaha li-drones le tsona li ka ba kotsi, ho na le tse matla melaoana libakeng tse ling (Hardin & Jensen, 2011; Lalibete & Rango, 2011). |
Tsebo ea lihoai le thahasellong ea | Joalo ka mahlale a mang a tsoetseng pele, li-drones ' phethahatso e atlehileng e hloka botsebi le hape tsamaea le ho se tsitse (Fisher et al., 2009; Lambert et al., 2004; Stafford, 2000). |
Kaha ho na le tlhokahalo ea kamehla ea ho sebelisa mehloli e teng ka katleho ho eketsa chai, lihoai li ka nka monyetla ka li-drones ho etsa bonnete ba hore masimo a bona a hlahlojoa ka potlako, ka nepo le ka mokhoa o baballang chelete. Theknoloji ena e ka thusa lihoai ho tseba boemo ba lijalo tsa bona le ho lekola boemo ba metsi, boemo ba ho butsoa, ho hlaseloa ke likokoanyana le litlhoko tsa phepo. Bokhoni ba ho lemoha hole ba li-drones bo ka fa lihoai lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho lebella litaba esale pele le ho etsa mehato e nepahetseng hanghang. Leha ho le joalo, melemo ea theknoloji e ka bonoa feela haeba mathata a rarolloa hantle. Ka leseli la
mathata a hajoale mabapi le ts'ireletso ea data, litaba tsa theknoloji ea sensor (mohlala, ho ts'epahala kapa ho nepahala ha litekanyo), ho rarahana ha kopanyo, le litšenyehelo tse kholo tsa ts'ebetsong, lithuto tsa kamoso le tsona li tlameha ho hlahloba bokhoni ba tekheniki, moruo le ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya li-drones tsa temo le tse ling tse sehang- mahlale a morao-rao.
sheba mefokolo ea
Thuto ea rona e na le mefokolo e 'maloa. Taba ea pele, liphetho li khethoa ke lingoliloeng tse khethiloeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea ho qetela. Ho thata ho nka lithuto tsohle tse amehang tse amanang le li-drones tsa temo, haholo-holo tse sa ngolisoang ka har'a database ea Scopus. Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea ho bokella lintlha e lekanyelitsoe ho beha mantsoe a bohlokoa a ho batla, a ka 'nang a se ke a kenyelletsa' me a lebisa ho liphuputso tse sa tsitsang. Kahoo, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li hloka ho ela hloko haholoanyane taba ea motheo ea pokello ea data ho e etsa
liqeto tse tšepahalang haholoanyane. Khatiso e 'ngoe e ama likhatiso tse ncha tse nang le palo e tlase ea litemana. Tlhahlobo ea bibliometric e sekametse likhatisong tsa pejana kaha li tloaetse ho fumana litemana tse ngata ho theosa le lilemo. Lithuto tsa morao-rao li hloka nako e itseng ho hohela tlhokomelo le ho bokella litemana. Ka lebaka leo, liphuputso tsa morao-rao tse tlisang phetoho ea paradigm li ne li ke ke tsa ba maemong a leshome a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a nang le tšusumetso. Meeli ena e atile tlhahlobong ea libaka tsa lipatlisiso tse ntseng li hlaha ka potlako joalo ka li-drones tsa temo. Joalo ka ha re buisane le Scopus ho ithuta lingoliloeng tsa mosebetsi ona, bafuputsi ba kamoso ba ka nahana ka ho fapana
datha, joalo ka Web of Science le IEEE Xplore, ho holisa le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lipatlisiso.
Lithuto tse ka bang teng tsa bibliometric li ka nka mehloli e meng ea bohlokoa ea tsebo joalo ka lipampiri tsa likopano, likhaolo le libuka ho hlahisa lintlha tse ncha. Ho sa tsotellehe ho etsa 'mapa le ho etsa lipatlisiso ka likhatiso tsa lefats'e ka li-drones tsa temo, liphuputso tsa rona ha lia ka tsa senola mabaka a susumetsang lithuto tsa thuto ea univesithi. Sena se bula tsela e lebisang sebakeng se secha sa lipatlisiso mabapi le ho hlalosa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng hore na hobaneng liunivesithi tse ling li hlahisa litholoana ho feta tse ling ha ho tluoa lipatlisisong mabapi le temo.
lifofane. Ntle le moo, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li ka fana ka leseli mabapi le bokhoni ba li-drones ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea temo ka mekhoa e mengata joalo ka ho lekola tikoloho, taolo ea lijalo, le 'mapa oa mofoka joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke bafuputsi ba bangata (Chamuah & Singh, 2019; Islam et al., 2021; Popescu et al., 2020; J. Su, Liu, et al., 2018b). Kaha tlhahlobo ea mongolo e ne e sa khonehe ka lebaka la palo e phahameng ea lipampiri tse khethiloeng, ho hlokahala tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea lingoliloeng tse hlahlobang
mekhoa ea lipatlisiso e sebelisitsoeng le ho kenya letsoho ha lihoai lithutong tsa pele. Ka bokhutšoanyane, tlhahlobo ea rona ea lipatlisiso tsa drone e pepesa likhokahano tse sa bonahaleng tsa sehlopha sena sa tsebo. Ka hona tlhahlobo ena e thusa ho utolla likamano lipakeng tsa lingoliloeng le ho hlahloba sebopeho sa kelello sa lefapha la lipatlisiso. E boetse e bonts'a likhokahano lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lingoliloeng, joalo ka mantsoe a bohlokoa a bangoli, likamano le linaha.
Phatlalatso ea Thahasello e Tlamang
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ba na lithahasello tse tsebahalang tsa tlholisano ea lichelete kapa likamano tsa bona tse neng li ka bonahala li susumetsa mosebetsi o tlalehiloeng pampiring ena.
Sehlomathiso 1
TITLE-ABS-KEY ((((drone* KAPA “sepalangoang sa sefofane se sa tsamaisoang ke motho” OR uav* KAPA “sefofane se sa tsamaisoang ke motho” KAPA uas KAPA “sefofane se tsamaisoang ka thōko”) LE (temo kapa temo OR temo kapa molemi))) LE (NKA KOPELA (PUBYEAR, 2022)) LE (LIMIT-TO (LELEME, “English”)).
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