Darjeeling: Phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo, ho putlama ha mebaraka ea lefats'e, tlholisano ea mefuta ea tee e tsoang Nepal, le ho se lumellane lipakeng tsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le theko ea eona li behile indasteri ea tee e Darjeeling kotsing. India Sebelisa tlaleho ea fatše e tsoang lirapeng tsa tee e fumane.
E tsejoa lefatšeng ka bophara e le 'Champagne' ea li-Indian, tee ea Darjeeling e ikemela khahlanong le li-tea tse tsoang maralleng a Nilgiri India Boroa le Assam. Tatso ea eona e ikhethang, eo ho lumeloang hore e susumetsoa ke ho leka-lekana ha letsatsi, pula, moholi le asiti ea mobu lithabeng tsa Himalaya, 'me e khuoa ka letsoho, e hapile tee ea Darjeeling "ts'enyehelo le kananelo ea bareki ba nang le temoho lefatšeng ka bophara ka lilemo tse fetang lekholo", e re Tea Board of India ka eona websaeteng. "Darjeeling Tea e lokeloang ke lebitso la eona e ke ke ea lengoa kapa ea etsoa kae kapa kae lefatšeng."
Tee ea Darjeeling e nang le 'mala oa eona o khanyang oa tšepe e ne e le eona sehlahisoa sa pele sa naha e tla fuoa letšoao la khoebo la Geographical Indication (GI) ka 2004.
Ho sa tsotellehe litumellano tsena, tlhahiso ea tee, le tlhokahalo ea eona limmarakeng tsa malapeng le tsa machaba, e ntse e theoha, litsebi li re.
Ena ke pale ea pele letotong la indasteri ea tee ea Darjeeling. Karolo ea pele e tla qaqisa hore na phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le menahano ea moruo li ama indasteri joang, ha ea bobeli e tla shebana le maemo le litokelo tsa basebetsi masimong a tee.
Joang tee ea Darjeeling e ile ea fetoha lebitso la ntlo
Makhasi a semela se bitsoang Camillia sinensis hlahisa se tsejoang joalo ka Tee ea Darjeeling. Semela se ile sa tlisoa Darjeeling pele ka East India Company's Arthur Campbell in 1841. Ka 1874 ho ne ho e-na le lirapa tsa tee tse 113 ho pholletsa le maralla a Darjeeling, sebaka sa Dooars le Terai - maralla a Himalaya - a hasane ho pholletsa le litereke tsa kajeno tsa Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri le Alipurduar West Bengal. Palo e nyolohetse ho 156 ka 1914 ka tlhahiso ea lijalo tse fetang limilione tse 8.16 lik'hilograma, ho ngotse mongoli Basant B Lama bukeng ea hae ea 2008. buka, 'Pale ea Darjeeling', e qotsa lipalo-palo tsa mmuso oa Bengal ho tloha 1915. Kajeno, hoo e ka bang Lik'hilograma tse limilione tse 10 Tee e lengoa selemo se seng le se seng, ho hakanya hore Tea Board of India.
Ts'ebetso e ntseng e hola ea khoebo ea tee e hlahisitse phetoho ea palo ea batho Darjeeling joalo ka basebetsi ba bangata ba hakantsoeng 40,000 ho 1914, lirapeng tsa tee tse maralleng le sebakeng sa Dooars Terai e ne e le bajaki ba tsoang naheng ea boahelani ea Nepal le ba tsoang sehlabeng sa Chhota Nagpur.
Indasteri e potolohileng Darjeeling e ile ea fetoha ngoe ea mantlha mehloli ea boipheliso sebakeng.
"Ntle le ho hira palo e kholo ea basebetsi ba masimong, indasteri ea tee e boetse e fana ka mesebetsi e sa tobang ho palo e kholo ea batho ba bang libakeng tsa lipalangoang, matlong a polokelo, lihotele, likolo, lipetlele, lifeme tsa khoebo le litsi tsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa temo." o ile a ngola Pratima Chamling Rai, moprofesa Univesithing ea Raiganj e West Bengal International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering ka June 2019.
Mathata a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo
Phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e fihlile boleng le tlhahiso ea tee ea Darjeeling. Ho ea ka 2013 thuto ka bafuputsi ba Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Center, phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e fokolitse tlhahiso ka "41.97% le 30.90% ha e bapisoa le 1993 le 2002 ka ho latellana".
Boithuto bona bo boletse hore tlhahiso ea tee, "sejalo se feptjoang ke pula e lenngoeng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho ea temo", e susumetsoa haholo ke maemo a tikoloho, joalo ka kakaretso ea pula ea selemo le kabo ea eona, mocheso le mahlaseli a letsatsi.
Phuputso e fumane hore mocheso sebakeng sena o nyolohile ka likhato tse 0.51 tsa Celsius ho tloha 1993 ho ea ho 2012, pula ea selemo le selemo e fokotsehile ka 152.50 cm le mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng ke 16.07%, e leng se lebisang "ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ka kakaretso".
Le hoja kakaretso ea kakaretso ea pula e lekaneng ho fana ka se hlokahalang Lithane tse 10 tsa metsi letsatsi le leng le le leng ho ea ho limela tsa tee tsa Darjeeling tse hōlileng tse emeng sebakeng sa hektare e le 'ngoe, kabo ea pula ke bothata bo boholo.
"Boemo ba metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše bo theohile ha nako ea selemo e qala komello,” ho boletse Sandeep Mukherjee, Moeletsi e Moholo oa Mokhatlo oa Tee oa Darjeeling-Indian (DITA). Indian Tea Association (ITA) ke mokhatlo oa khale ka ho fetisisa oa bahlahisi ba tee India.
Anshuman Kanoria, molulasetulo oa Indian Tea Exporters Association (ITEA), le eena o buile se tšoanang. “Selemo se seng le se seng ho ba le komello mariha [ea morao] e amang pula ea pele [e kotuloang mahareng a Hlakola le Mmesa, tee ea pele e hlatsuoang e nyane ebile e le tala]. Selemo se seng le se seng pula e sa laoleheng e qala ka Mmesa ebe joale re ba le lipula tsa litloebelele ka Mots'eanong le Phuptjane e leng nako ea tlhōrō ea boleng ba metsi a bobeli [e kotuloa pakeng tsa Mots'eanong le Phuptjane, makhasi a tee a metsi a belang a tletse 'me a lefifi ho feta a pele. ]. Ke nako ea chelete e ngata 'me boemo ba leholimo bo bobe bo ama boleng bo holimo ba tee ea Darjeeling. ”
Ho phahama ha mocheso sebakeng sa Dooars le Terai le maralleng ho ama chai lirapeng tsa tee. Setšoantšong, Happy Valley Tea Estate.
Ho bohlokoa ho kenya tšebetsong mehato ea ho ikamahanya le maemo masimong a tee ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ntle le tieho, kaha ho nka nako e telele ho tlisa liphetoho tsamaisong ea lijalo tsa lifate joalo ka temo ea tee, bafuputsi ba re.
"Litsi tsa Lipatlisiso tsa Tea li ntse li sebetsa ho sena ho rarolla bothata ba ho nts'etsapele" li-clones tse mamellang boemo ba leholimo "," Motlatsi oa molulasetulo oa Boto ea Tea ea India, Saurav Pahari, o boletse joalo ha a araba lengolo-tsoibila le batlang tlhahisoleseling mabapi le mehato eo mmuso o e nkang. e nkile ho loantša phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.
Tlhokahalo e theohang
Tlhokahalo le tlhahiso ea tee ea Darjeeling esale e oela 'marakeng oa lehae le oa machabeng ka nako e telele, mme litsebi li re boemo bo ile ba mpefala le ho feta ha Russia e hlasela Ukraine mathoasong a 2022.
Ho latela Lipalo-palo e lokollotsoeng ke Tea Board of India, tlhahiso ea tee ea Darjeeling e ne e ka ba lik'hilograma tse limilione tse 7 feela ka 2021.
Ka lebaka la ntoa e ntseng e tsoela pele ea Russia-Ukraine, le likotlo ho la Russia, bareki ba ka sehloohong ba Europe ba khaolitse ho reka tee ea Darjeeling kapa ba lefa hanyane bakeng sa eona, ho hlalositse Kanoria oa ITEA.
"Boemo ba kantle ho naha bo mpefetse ka lebaka la ho putlama ha moruo Europe," ho boletse Mukherjee oa DITA, mme a eketsa hore ke li-kilogramme tse limilione tse 2.84 feela tsa tee ea Darjeeling e ileng ea romelloa kantle ho naha ka 2022 (ho fihlela ka Pulungoana) ha e bapisoa le limilione tse 3.5 ka 2021.
Ntle le Europe, Japane le eona ke 'maraka o moholo oa tee ea Darjeeling. Leha ho le joalo, ha boleng ba Yen bo thella khahlano le US Dollar, barekisi ba tee ba Darjeeling ba hloleha ho fumana litheko tse ntle tsa lihlahisoa tsa bona ho Majapane, ho hlalositse Kanoria.
Kanoria, molula-setulo oa ITEA, o boletse hore leha ho na le keketseho ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka 30% selemo le selemo, theko e tloaelehileng ea tee ea Darjeeling thekisong e mene ea ho qetela ea fantisi ka 2021 e hlotsoe ho lefa balemi ba tee ka ho lekana.
Ho falla ka lebaka la mokhatlo oa Gorkhalaland
Boemo ba lirapeng tsa tee tsa North Bengal bo ile ba mpefala nakong ea ho koaloa ha matsatsi a 104 ka lebaka la 2017 mokhatlo oa Gorkhalaland. Boipelaetso bo mabifi bo ne bo hlahile maralleng a Darjeeling kamora hore mmuso oa West Bengal o phatlalatse hore Benghali ke thuto e tlamang likolong tsohle tsa naha. Ho e bitsa a tlhahiso ea Benghali setso sa batho ba buang Senepal ba maralleng, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) e busitse tlhoko ea nako e telele ea naha e arohaneng ea Gorkhaland.
(Haeba ho khoneha setšoantšo sa faele sa 2017 se ka behoa mona kapa setšoantšo se ka holimo se ka sebelisoa e le moemeli. Tlhaloso: Mokhatlo oa 2017 Gorkhaland o ile oa busa pefo eo maralla a Darjeeling a ileng a e bona nakong ea 80s.
Kaha batho ba ne ba sa lefshoe ha masimo a tee a koetsoe, basebetsi ba bangata ba ile ba tloha maralleng ho ea batla menyetla ea mosebetsi. Bongata ba bona ha ba e-so khutlele libakeng tsa tee, "ho boletse Sumendra Tamang, moitseki oa sechaba ea sebeletsang litokelo tsa basebetsi ba tee North Bengal, a beha molato oa merusu ea lipolotiki bakeng sa ho falla ho hoholo ho tloha maralleng. "Batho ha ba ea feela libakeng tse ling tsa West Bengal kapa India, empa hape le linaheng tse bohareng ba bochabela joalo ka Qatar le Oman. Ka lebaka leo, khaello e kholo ea basebetsi e amme masimong a tee. ”
"E se e le tlamo hore basebetsi ba tee ba romele bonyane motho a le mong ho tsoa lelapeng, haeba e se motho e mong le e mong, kantle bakeng sa tebello e ntle," ho boletse Dawa Sherpa, setsebi sa PhD Setsing sa Lithuto tsa Moruo Univesithing ea Jawaharlal Nehru ea Delhi. "Chelete e romelloang hae e boloka malapa a ka har'a lirapa tsa tee hore a se ke a oa." [Karolo ea bobeli ea letoto lena e tla qaqisa maemo a basebetsi ba tee masimong.]
Leha ho le joalo, ho falla ho ekelitse bothata bo bong hape: barekisi ba batho ba thetsang basali bokhobeng ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali kapa ba ba qobella ho sebetsa e le basebetsi metseng e meholo.
"Ka kakaretso, basali ba fallang ba tsoang maralleng ba qetella e le barekisi ba thobalano haeba ba oela matsohong a fosahetseng a barekisi, ha batho ba tsoang sebakeng sa Dooars le Terai ba hoheloa ho sebetsa mesebetsing e boima e lefang chelete e tlase libakeng tsa kaho kapa e le makhabunyane," ho boletse joalo. Nirnay John Chetri oa Marg NGO, e loantšang ho rekisoa ha batho Bengal Leboea le ho thusa baphonyohi. "Boholo ba bona ba qetella ba qabeletsoe ba se na leseli qetellong ea kotopo."
Ka mohlala, sena raporoto The Print e bontšitse kamoo banana ba banyenyane ba ileng ba ntšoa lirapeng tsa tee Bengal Leboea ’me ba qobelloa ho kena lenyalong le seng molaong ’me ba isoa linaheng tsa boahelani tsa Bangladesh, Nepal le Myanmar. Khomishenara ea Sepolesa sa Siliguri e tlaleha linyeoe tse 22 tsa bosholu pakeng tsa 2019 le 2021, ha setereke sa Darjeeling se tlaleha e le 'ngoe ka 2019 le Alipurduar tse tharo ka 2019, 2020 le 2021, ho latela tlaleho.
Tsela e lebang Happy Valley Tea Estate. Ka lebaka la ho hoheloa ke mesebetsi e lefang hamolemonyana le tebello ea bophelo bo betere ka ntle ho Darjeeling, basebetsi ba masimong a tee hangata ba qabeletsoe lekhotleng la khoebisano ea batho kapa tlhekefetso.
Empa mekhatlo e sa etseng phaello e re lipalo ha lia tlalehoa. "Mapolesa, qalong a ne a tsilatsila ho kenya tletlebo ha lelapa le il'o tlaleha setho sa lelapa le lahlehileng," ho boletse Chetri. Leha ba ka ngodisa tletlebo e lahlehileng mme ba fumana motho, lelapa le lehlatsipa la kgwebisano ya thobalano ha ba batle hore dipatlisiso tsa sepolesa di tswele pele ka lebaka la sekgobo sa setjhaba le dihlong tsa setjhaba, Chetri o ile a eketsa.
Sengoli sena se rometsoe ho Inspector Biswajit Majumder ke ntlo-kholo ea Khomishenara ea Sepolesa sa Siliguri ho bua ka liketsahalo tsa ho rekisa batho lirapeng tsa tee tse tlas'a taolo ea eona.
Majumder, mohlahlobi Lefapheng la Batho ba Sieo la Khomishenara ea Sepolesa sa Siliguri o itse, "Hang ha re fumana tletlebo e sieo, 'molaetsa o amehang kaofela' o hlahisoa ka portal ea rona ea CID haeba nyeoe e ama ngoana e monyane. Haeba lehlatsipa le fetile lilemo tse 18, re kopa malapa ho ema matsatsi a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo pele a ngolisa nyeoe,” o boletse joalo.
Inspector Majumder o hanne ho fana ka maikutlo mabapi le melaoana ea sepolesa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa linyeoe tsa thekisetsano ea batho, kaha "ha se matla a nepahetseng a ho bua ka eona". A re mapodisi a thusa malwapa ka mefuta yotlhe ba ela tlhoko gore seemo se a tshwenya.
Re rometse lengolo-tsoibila ho khomishenara ea sepolesa re kopa lintlha tse mabapi le linyeoe tsa thekiso ea khoebo hammoho le ho fana ka maikutlo mabapi le mathata ao Chetri a a boletseng. Re tla nchafatsa pale ha re fumana karabo.
Tlhōlisano e tsoang ho tee e theko e tlaase e tsoang Nepal
Ho sa le joalo, ha basebetsi ba ntse ba fokotseha ka lebaka la ho falla ka ntle, 'me ho koaloa ha Gorkhaland ho ile ha ama tlhahiso, tee ea Darjeeling. motsoala oa Nepal e hlahile e le khetho e theko e tlaase limmarakeng.
"[D] ka lebaka la bongata bo boholo ba tee e tlase e tsoang Nepal e bitsoang ka phoso e le tee ea Darjeeling, litheko tsa boleng bo holimo tsa tee ea 'nete ea Darjeeling mebarakeng ea lefats'e li ntse li putlama," ho latela 2022. raporoto ke komiti e emang ea Palamente ea Khoebo, e bitsoang 'Mathata a Amang Indasteri ea Tee ea India haholo-holo Seterekeng sa Darjeeling'.
Mosebeletsi oa masimong a tee o kha makhasi a tee ka letsoho Darjeeling's Tukvar Tea Estate, November 17, 2022. Boemo bo sa tsitsang ba indasteri ea tee ea Darjeeling le bona bo behile mekhoa ea boipheliso ea basebetsi ba eona kotsing.
Litsenyehelo tse tlase tsa tee tse tsoang Nepal ke ka lebaka la "litšenyehelo tsa bona tse tlase tsa tlhahiso le ts'ebetso e tlase ea tlhahiso", tlaleho e boletse. "Indasteri ea tee ke mokokotlo oa moruo oa setereke sa Darjeeling seterekeng sa West Bengal mme ho ata ha bobeli ba Tee ea Darjeeling ho beha ts'okelo tlhahisong ea tee le mokhoa oa boipheliso oa balemi ba banyenyane ba tee sebakeng seo".
Boto ea Tee ka kopanelo le Lekala la Khoebo, e hanne baphatlalatsi ho aba tee e tsoang kantle ho naha. Bahoebi le bona ba thibetsoe ho romela tee e tsoang kantle ho naha, ho boletse ofisi ea Monghali Pahari.
Bareki ba ngolisitsoeng le bona ba laetsoe hore ba se ke ba kopanya tee ea 'nete ea Darjeeling le tee e tsoang kantle ho naha.
Ho koaloa ha pele ka lebaka la Covid-19, ho qala Hlakubele 2020, e ne e le "sepekere sa ho qetela ka lekeseng" bakeng sa balemi ba bangata ba tee, ba ntseng ba hlaphoheloa tšusumetsong ea eona, ho boletse Tamang, setsebi sa sechaba. Beng ba bang ba masimo a tee ba rekisitse litša tsa bona, ho kenyeletsoa litša tse tšeletseng ho tse 10 ea The Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Limited (DOTEPL).
Tee bohahlauli
Boitekong ba ho pholosa indasteri ea tee ea Darjeeling le ho ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo ba basebetsi le malapa a bona, Mmuso oa West Bengal o phatlalalitse "Bohahlauli ba Tee le Leano la Khoebo la Selekane, 2019′. E lumelletse ho kopana ho hoholo lipakeng tsa indasteri ea tee ea mmuso, mohiri e moholo oa Darjeeling, le bohahlauli, ngoe ea mantlha likarolo tsa phaello ea chelete ea Darjeeling.
Leano lena le lumelletse libaka tsa tee ho sebelisa 15% ea masimo a bona, kapa boholo ba lihekthere tse 150, bakeng sa bohahlauli ba tee le mesebetsi e meng ea khoebo e amanang le eona joalo ka "litsi tsa bophelo bo botle, litsi tsa thuto, litsi tsa setso / tsa boithabiso le lipontšo, temo ea lipalesa, limela tsa bongaka, lijo. diyuniti tsa ho sebetsa, diyuniti tsa ho paka jj”.
Nakoana ka mor'a phatlalatso ea melao e mecha ea bohahlauli ba tee, ketane ea lihotele tsa maemo a holimo Taj tlhophiso sebaka sa phomolo le spa, se bitsoang Chia Kutir, kahare ho sebaka se tummeng Makaibari Tea Estate maralleng a Darjeeling. Ho fihla ha hotele ea Taj serapeng sa tee sa Darjeeling ho ile ha bula likhoro bakeng sa merero ea boemo bo holimo ea bohahlauli masimong a mang, joalo ka Kanchan View Tea Estate.
Kanchan View Tea Estate, e tsejoang ka hore ke Rungeet Tea Garden ho fihlela 2002, ho tlalehiloe hore e. e rerile merero ea bohahlauli boleng bo fetang Rs 200 crore kamora leano le lecha la bohahlauli ba tee.
Leha ho le joalo, qeto ha ea tsamaea hantle le basebetsi ba lirapa tsa tee. Ba qosa hore batsamaisi ba serapa sa tee ba hlotsoe ho hlakola litefiso tsa bona le meputso e setseng "ka lebaka la khaello ea chelete", basebetsi ba boletse. India Sebelisa ba ne ba ipotsa hore na beng ba [Kanchan View] ba laola lichelete joang bakeng sa lihotele le libaka tsa phomolo.
“Meputso ea rona le libonase li ne li le teng. Botsamaisi bo itse ha bo na chelete. Empa ba ne ba e-na le chelete ea ho haha lihotele tsa linaleli tse hlano. Sena ha se amohelehe, "ho boletse mosebeletsi oa Kanchan View Tea Estate, ea sa kang a batla ho boleloa.
Kaho ea sebaka sa phomolo se sisintsoeng ka har'a Kanchan View Tea Estate se emisitsoeng ka nakoana. E hlahisitsoe ka la 24 Phuptjane 2022.
Ba boetse ba re batsamaisi ba tea Estate ba rera ho aha sebaka sa phomolo sebakeng sa basebetsi. basty kapa mekhukhu ka ho heletsa matlo a bona. Basebetsi ba boetse ba qosa ba boholong Kanchan View ka ho fothola limela tsa tee ho etsa mesebetsi ea bohahlauli, 'che' e tiileng ho latela leano la 2019.
Litsebi li re e sa le hoseng ho lekola hore na leano lena le lecha le tla tsoela masimo a tee le basebetsi ba ona molemo.
Re ile ra ikopanya le Lefapha la Bohahlaudi le Koporasi ya Ntshetsopele ya Bohahlaudi ya Bengal Bophirima, ka mohala le imeile ho batla maikutlo a bona mabapi le leano le letjha le kamoo le thusang bohahlaudi ba tee Bengal Leboya. Pale ena e tla ntlafatsoa ha ba arabela.
Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea mathata ana lirapeng tsa tee e ileng ea hlaha ka bosiu bo le bong; litsebi li re ke litholoana tsa bohlasoa ba lilemo tse mashome ho tsoa ho beng, ho se tsebe ho bala le ho ngola ha basebetsi le lipolotiki tse nkang monyetla ke baetapele ba libaka le mekhatlo ea basebetsi.
Liphephetso tsena tsa indasteri ea tee ea Darjeeling li boletse hore meputso ea basebetsi le maemo a bona a bophelo ha a ntlafala. Sena, hammoho le litaba tsa lefa la melao ea basebetsi le khaello ea tšehetso ea 'muso, li bakile ho se khotsofale har'a basebetsi ba masimong a tee sebakeng seo, e leng ho jalang potoloho e mpe ea indasteri. Karolo ea bobeli ea letoto la rona e shebana le litaba tsa litokelo tsa basebetsi masimong a Darjeeling.
Mohloli: https://www.eastmojo.com